Biomedical subjects

R M Kroppenstedt

Publications and source records attributed to R M Kroppenstedt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Desulfosporosinus lacus sp. nov., a sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from pristine freshwater lake sediments.

A novel sulfate-reducing bacterium was isolated from pristine sediments of Lake Stechlin, Germany. This strain, STP12(T), was found to contain predominantly c-type cytochromes and to reduce sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate using lactate as an electron donor. Although STP12(T) could not utilize elemental sulfur as an electron acceptor, it could support growth by dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction. In a comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences, STP12(T) was 96.7 % similar to Desulfosporosinus auripigmenti DSM 13351(T), 96.5 % similar to Desulfosporosinus meridiei DSM 13257(T) and 96.4 % similar to Desulfosporosinus orientis DSM 765(T). DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed that strain STP12(T) shows only 32 % reassociation with the type strain of the type species of the genus, D. orientis DSM 765(T). These data, considered in conjunction with strain-specific differences in heavy metal tolerance, cell-wall chemotaxonomy and riboprint patterns, support recognition of strain STP12(T) (=DSM 15449(T)=JCM 12239(T)) as the type strain of a distinct and novel species within the genus Desulfosporosinus, Desulfosporosinus lacus sp. nov.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗

PubMed2006

Kocuria himachalensis sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the Indian Himalayas.

A reddish orange bacterium, strain K07-05(T), was isolated from soil during a study of the bacterial diversity of a cold desert of the Indian Himalayas and was studied by using a polyphasic approach. The organism had morphological and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with its classification in the genus Kocuria. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain K07-05(T) was closely related to Kocuria rosea DSM 20447(T) and Kocuria polaris MTCC 3702(T) (98.1 and 97.8 % sequence similarity, respectively), whereas the sequence similarity values with respect to the other Kocuria species with validly published names were between 96.4 and 94.2 %. However, the genomic relatedness, as shown by DNA-DNA hybridization, of strain K07-05(T) and K. polaris MTCC 3702(T) is 49.5 % and that with K. rosea MTCC 2522(T) is 24.0 %. The DNA G+C content of the strain is 75.3 mol%. The above data in combination with the phenotypic distinctiveness of K07-05(T) clearly indicate that the strain represents a novel species, for which the name Kocuria himachalensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is K07-05(T) (=MTCC 7020(T)=DSM 44905(T)=JCM 13326(T)).

Actinobacteria↗

PubMed2006

Goodfellowia gen. nov., a new genus of the Pseudonocardineae related to Actinoalloteichus, containing Goodfellowia coeruleoviolacea gen. nov., comb. nov.

During the course of a phylogenetic evaluation of Saccharothrix strains held in the ARS Culture Collection, it was discovered that Saccharothrix coeruleoviolacea NRRL B-24058(T) is unrelated to other species within this genus, and a polyphasic study was undertaken to clarify its taxonomic position. Strain NRRL B-24058(T) is observed to be phylogenetically separate from the genus Saccharothrix and is most closely related to the genus Actinoalloteichus. The strain exhibits chemotaxonomic properties that distinguish it from members of Actinoalloteichus, including a whole-cell sugar pattern consisting of galactose and ribose as diagnostic sugars, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine containing 2-OH fatty acids and diphosphatidylglycerol as the predominant polar lipids and MK-9(H(4)) and MK-10(H(4)) as the only menaquinones observed. Strain NRRL B-24058(T) is distinct from other taxa within the suborder Pseudonocardineae and a new genus to be named Goodfellowia gen. nov. is proposed. The type species of this new genus is Goodfellowia coeruleoviolacea gen. nov., comb. nov., and the type strain is NRRL B-24058(T) (=DSM 43935(T) = INA 3564(T) = JCM 9110(T) = NBRC 14988(T) = VKM Ac-1083(T)).

Actinomycetales↗

PubMed2006

Dietzia kunjamensis sp. nov., isolated from the Indian Himalayas.

A coral-red-pigmented actinobacterium, strain K30-10(T), was isolated from a soil sample from a cold desert of the Indian Himalayas. Chemical and phenotypic properties of strain K30-10(T) were consistent with its classification in the genus Dietzia. It showed 97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Dietzia maris MTCC 7011(T); similarities to the type strains of three other species of the genus, Dietzia natronolimnaea, Dietzia psychralcaliphila and Dietzia cinnamea, were 94.4-96.0 %. The DNA-DNA relatedness between K30-10(T) and the closely related strain D. maris MTCC 7011(T) was 59.2 %. The DNA G+C content of strain K30-10(T) was 67.0 mol%. Based on physiological and biochemical tests and genotypic differences between strain K30-10(T) and its closest phylogenetic relatives, it is proposed that this strain represents a novel species, Dietzia kunjamensis sp. nov.; the type strain is K30-10(T) (=MTCC 7007(T)=DSM 44907(T)=JCM 13325(T)).

Actinomycetales↗

PubMed2006

Agrococcus lahaulensis sp. nov., isolated from a cold desert of the Indian Himalayas.

The taxonomic position of a lemon-yellow-pigmented actinobacterium, strain K22-21(T), isolated from a soil sample from Lahaul-Spiti Valley in the Indian Himalayas, was determined using a polyphasic approach. The strain had phenotypic and chemical properties that were consistent with its classification in the genus Agrococcus. Alignment of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain K22-21(T) with sequences from Agrococcus jenensis DSM 9580(T), Agrococcus baldri DSM 14215(T) and Agrococcus citreus DSM 12453(T) revealed similarities of 98.5, 96.8 and 96.6 %, respectively. However, the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain K22-21(T) and A. jenensis was 55.1 %. The novel strain could be distinguished from type strains of the three species of the genus Agrococcus using DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic data. Based on these differences, strain K22-21(T) (=MTCC 7154(T)=DSM 17612(T)) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of Agrococcus, for which the name Agrococcus lahaulensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMed2005

Occurrence and characterization of actinobacteria and thermoactinomycetes isolated from pulp and board samples containing recycled fibres.

The aim of this study was to characterize the actinobacterial population present in pulps and boards containing recycled fibres. A total of 107 isolates was identified on the basis of their pigmentation, morphological properties, fatty acid profiles and growth temperature. Of the wet pulp and water sample isolates (n=87), 74.7% belonged to the genus Streptomyces, 17.2% to Nocardiopsis and 8.0% to thermoactinomycetes, whereas all the board sample isolates (n=20) were thermoactinomycetes. The identification of 53 isolates was continued by molecular methods. Partial 16S rDNA sequencing and automated ribotyping divided the Streptomyces isolates (n=31) into 14 different taxa. The most common streptomycetes were the mesophilic S. albidoflavus and moderately thermophilic S. thermocarboxydus. The Nocardiopsis isolates (n=11) belonged to six different taxa, whereas the thermoactinomycetes were mainly members of the species Laceyella sacchari (formerly Thermoactinomyces sacchari). The results indicated the probable presence of one or more new species within each of these genera. Obviously, the drying stage used in the board making processes had eliminated all members of the species Streptomyces and Nocardiopsis present in the wet recycled fibre pulp samples. Only the thermotolerant endospores of L. sacchari were still present in the final products. The potential of automated ribotyping for identifying actinobacteria was indicated, as soon as comprehensive identification libraries became available.

Actinobacteria↗

PubMed2005

Stackebrandtia nassauensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and emended description of the family Glycomycetaceae.

During the course of a 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic evaluation of putative Glycomyces strains, it was noted that strain NRRL B-16338(T) is phylogenetically nearest to the genus Glycomyces but apparently is not a member of this or any of the other currently described actinomycete genera. The strain was subjected to a polyphasic study using standard methods for chemotaxonomic, morphological and physiological evaluation. The strain exhibited chemotaxonomic characteristics distinct from Glycomyces in spite of having 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 92% with the described species of this genus. The whole-cell sugar pattern of NRRL B-16338(T) consisted of ribose and inositol, with traces of arabinose and mannose. The phospholipids observed were phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and menaquinones consisting of MK-10(H(4)), MK-10(H(6)), MK-11(H(4)) and MK-11(H(6)). A significant quantity (14.5%) of 17:0 anteiso 2-hydroxy fatty acid was observed in the fatty acid profile of this strain. These characteristics clearly differentiate NRRL B-16338(T) from members of the genus Glycomyces and it is proposed that the strain represents a new genus within the family Glycomycetaceae to be called Stackebrandtia gen. nov. The description of this family is emended to permit its inclusion. It is proposed that the type species of the genus should be named Stackebrandtia nassauensis. The type strain LLR-40K-21(T) (=NRRL B-16338(T)=DSM 44728(T)) was isolated from a soil sample from Nassau, Bahamas.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMed2005

Newly isolated Streptomyces spp. as enantioselective biocatalysts: hydrolysis of 1,2-O-isopropylidene glycerol racemic esters.

AIMS: To identify microbial strains with esterase activity able to enantioselectively hydrolyse esters of (R,S)-1,2-O-isopropylidene glycerol. METHODS AND RESULTS: The microbial hydrolysis of various racemic esters of 1,2-O-isopropylidene glycerol (IPG) was attempted by screening among Streptomyces spp. previously selected on the basis of their carboxylesterase activity. The best results were observed in the hydrolysis of butyrate ester and two strains appeared promising as they showed opposite enantioselectivity: Streptomyces sp. 90852 gave predominantly (S)-IPG, while strain 90930 mostly gave the R-alcohol. Streptomyces sp. 90930 was identified as Streptomyces violaceusniger, whereas Streptomyces sp. 90852 is a new species belonging to the Streptomyces violaceus taxon. The carboxylesterase belonging to strain 90852 gave a maximum value of enantiomeric ratio (E) of 14-16. This strain was lyophilized and used as dry mycelium for catalysing the synthesis of isopropylidene glycerol butyrate in heptane showing reaction rate and enantioselectivity (E = 6.6) lower than what observed for the hydrolysis. CONCLUSIONS: A new esterase with enantioselective activity towards (R,S)-IPG butyrate has been selected. The best enantioselectivity is similar or even better than the highest reported value in the literature with commercial enzymes. The enzyme is produced by a new species belonging to the S. violaceus taxon. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: New esterases from streptomycetes can be employed for the enantioselective hydrolysis of chiral esters derived from primary alcohols, not efficiently resolved with commercial enzymes.

Alkenes↗

PubMed2004

Mycobacterium fluoranthenivorans sp. nov., a fluoranthene and aflatoxin B1 degrading bacterium from contaminated soil of a former coal gas plant.

Mycobacterium strain FA4T was isolated with fluoranthene as the single carbon source from soil of a former coal gas plant, polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The physiological properties, fatty acid pattern, and the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence indicated membership to the genus Mycobacterium, but were different from all type strains of Mycobacterium species. Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses strain FA4T could be assigned to the Mycobacterium neoaurum taxon showing 98% sequence similarity to M. diernhoferi as its closest neighbour. The occurrence of epoxymycolate in the cell wall differentiates FA4 from all members of this taxon which synthesize wax-ester mycolates in addition to alpha-mycolates. Strain FA4T is able to degrade aflatoxin B1. This biological attribute might be useful in biological detoxification processes of foods and feeds. From the investigated characteristics it is concluded that strain FA4T represents a new species, for which we propose the name Mycobacterium fluoranthenivorans sp. nov. The type strain of Mycobacterium fluoranthenivorans is FA4T (DSM 44556T = CIP 108203T).

Aflatoxin B1↗

PubMed2004

Lipoprotein processing is required for virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Lipoproteins are a subgroup of secreted bacterial proteins characterized by a lipidated N-terminus, processing of which is mediated by the consecutive activity of prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt) and lipoprotein signal peptidase (LspA). The study of LspA function has been limited mainly to non-pathogenic microorganisms. To study a potential role for LspA in the pathogenesis of bacterial infections, we have disrupted lspA by allelic replacement in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, one of the world's most devastating pathogens. Despite the presence of an impermeable lipid outer layer, it was found that LspA was dispensable for growth under in vitro culture conditions. In contrast, the mutant was markedly attenuated in virulence models of tuberculosis. Our findings establish lipoprotein metabolism as a major virulence determinant of tuberculosis and define a role for lipoprotein processing in bacterial pathogenesis. In addition, these results hint at a promising new target for therapeutic intervention, as a highly specific inhibitor of bacterial lipoprotein signal peptidases is available.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Corynebacterium glaucum sp. nov.

A bacterial strain, strain IMMIB R-5091(T), isolated from a cosmetic dye was characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of cell-wall chemotype IV and short-chain mycolic acids consistent with the genus Corynebacterium. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the isolate constitutes a distinct subline within the genus Corynebacterium, displaying > 2.6% sequence divergence from established species. The isolate could be distinguished from other members of the genus Corynebacterium by biochemical tests. Based on both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that strain IMMIB R-5091(T) (= DSM 44530T = NRRL B-24142(T)) be classified as the type strain of a novel species, Corynebacterium glaucum sp. nov.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗

PubMed2003

Influence of nutritional supplements on keratinolysis by Amycolatopsis keratinophila.

Keratinolytic potential of A. keratinophila (DSM 44409T), a newly described Amycolatopsis sp. isolated from cultivated soil in Kuwait, was demonstrated using keratinazure as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen as estimated by gel diffusion assay. Effects of 12 various nutritional supplements on the keratinolytic and azocollytic activities were determined. NH4H2PO4 and KNO3 in the medium supported a significantly higher keratinolytic activity than other supplements. However, azocollytic activities in all the supplemented media and the control were same. Best combination of carbon and nitrogen supplements (galactose and NH4H2PO4 respectively) used to evaluate the dynamics of growth and enzymes (keratinase and protease) activities of the isolate revealed a luxuriant growth with optimal keratinolytic activity occurring during the log phase. Other parameters of the fermentation medium, including pH, biomass accumulation, total protein and free amino acid concentrations were also studied.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMed2002

Nocardia pseudovaccinii sp. nov.

Comparative 16S rDNA studies of Nocardia type and reference strains revealed that strain DSM 43406T, identified as Nocardia vaccinii, was wrongly classified. The strain was aerobic, gram-positive and produced scarce, white, branched aerial mycelium and a beige-red substrate mycelium. The reverse side of the colonies was yellow-orange. It showed chemotaxonomic markers that were consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardia. The mycolic acids had chain lengths from 50 to 58 carbon atoms. The 16S rDNA sequence showed the highest similarity to Nocardia nova (97.7%) and N. vaccinii (97.6%), but the strain could be clearly separated from these species and other members of the N. vaccinii cluster by significant differences in biochemical test results and unique fatty acid and mycolic acid patterns. These data led to the conclusion that the isolate represents a novel species within the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia pseudovaccinii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain AR 368,38366-20T (= DSM 43406T = NRRL B-24154T).

DNA, Bacterial↗

PubMed2001

Taxonomic characterization of two rubber degrading bacteria belonging to the species Gordonia polyisoprenivorans and analysis of hyper variable regions of 16S rDNA sequences.

Two cis-1,4-polyisoprene (isoprene rubber) degrading bacteria, strains VH2 and Y2K, were identified as strains of the species Gordonia polyisoprenivorans belonging to the Corynebacterineae, a suborder of the order Actinomycetales. Both showed characteristic growth and degradation of isoprene rubber as described previously for the type strain of G. polyisoprenivorans Kd2 (DSM 44302(T)). For strain VH2 the chemotaxonomic properties were investigated, and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with the type strain revealed the affiliation to the species G. polyisoprenivorans. The comparison of the 16S rDNA sequences, and especially hyper variable regions of these, led to the classification of strain Y2K to the same species. At present, the species G. polyisoprenivorans comprises three different isolates which share the ability to degrade isoprene rubber potently but which were obtained from different geographic regions.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMed2001

Revival of the genus Lentzea and proposal for Lechevalieria gen. nov.

The genus Saccharothrix is phylogenetically heterogeneous on the basis of analysis of almost complete 16S rDNA sequences. An evaluation of chemotaxonomic, morphological and physiological properties in the light of the molecular phylogeny data revealed that several species are misclassified. Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes NRRL B-3298T and Saccharothrix flava NRRL B-16131T constitute a lineage distinct from Saccharothrix and separate from Lentzea. The genus Lechevalieria gen. nov. is proposed for these species. Lechevalieria aerocolonigenes comb. nov. is the type species and S. flava is transferred as Lechevalieria flava comb. nov. Although Lentzea albidocapillata, the type species of the genus Lentzea, was transferred recently to the genus Saccharothrix, the revival of Lentzea is clearly supported by molecular phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data. The description of the revived genus is emended to include galactose, mannose and traces of ribose as diagnostic whole-cell sugars and MK-9(H4) as the principal menaquinone and elimination of tuberculostearic acid as a diagnostic component in the fatty acid profile. Saccharothrix waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T, S. aerocolonigenes NRRL B-16137 and 'Asiosporangium albidum' IFO 16102 are members of the amended genus Lentzea on the basis of phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties. S. waywayandensis is transferred to Lentzea as Lentzea waywayandensis comb. nov., while the new species Lentzea californiensis sp. nov. and Lentzea albida sp. nov. are described for S. aerocolonigenes NRRL B-16137 and 'A. albidum' IFO 16102, respectively. Nucleotide signatures in the 16S rDNA sequences are defined that are diagnostic for the genera Lechevalieria, Lentzea and Saccharothrix.

Actinomycetales↗

PubMed2001

Nocardia veterana sp. nov., isolated from human bronchial lavage.

A nocardioform bacterium was isolated from the bronchoscopic lavage of a 78-year-old man with a past history of tuberculous pleurisy, who presented with bilateral upper lobe lesions at Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Australia. The strain was aerobic, Gram-positive, produced beige substrate mycelium and scant white aerial mycelium. It showed chemotaxonomic markers which were consistent with the classification of Nocardia: i.e. meso-diaminopimelic acid, N-glycolylmuramic acid, arabinose and galactose as diagnostic sugars; phospholipids phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol; a menaquinone with a cyclic isoprene side chain, MK-8(H4cycl.); a fatty acid pattern composed of unbranched saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with a considerable amount of tuberculostearic acid; and mycolic acids composed of 54-62 carbon atoms with three principal mycolic acids which were mono- and polyunsaturated, showing a chain length C56, C58 and C60 and accounting for over 70% of the entire pattern. The 16S rDNA sequence showed the highest similarity to the type strain of Nocardia vaccinii; the DNA-DNA similarity of the two strains was 31%. These data, together with distinct physiological traits and molecular biological analyses, as well as chemotaxonomic results, led to the conclusion that the novel isolate represents a new species within the genus Nocardia for which the name Nocardia veterana sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M157222T (DSM 44445T = NRRL B-24136T).

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Nonomuraea dietzii sp. nov..

The taxon 'Sebekia benihana', an actinomycete of industrial significance, has been subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. 16S rDNA sequence analyses of strain DSM 44320 (= NRRL 11111) revealed 100% similarity to the 16S rDNA sequence of Nonomuraea roseola DSM 43767T and high values (>98.5%) to some other species of this genus. DNA-DNA similarity values of less than 31% observed between strain DSM 44320 and N. roseola DSM 43767T, Nonomuraea recticatena DSM 43937T and Nonomuraea africana DSM 43748T indicate that this strain represents an individual genospecies. Differences between strain DSM 44320T and the 16 validly described Nonomuraea species occur in the primary structure of the 16S rDNA, the physiological test profile, the morphology of mycelium and the spore surface and the colour of substrate mycelium. The only strain of 'S. benihana', DSM 44320T (= NRRL 11111T), is proposed as the type strain of a new species of the genus Nonomuraea, Nonomuraea dietzii sp. nov..

Actinomycetales↗

PubMed2001

Mycobacterium frederiksbergense sp. nov., a novel polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading Mycobacterium species.

A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from coal tar-contaminated soil in Denmark was characterized by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetically and chemotaxonomically, it was related to members of the genus Mycobacterium. The isolate contains chemotaxonomic markers that are diagnostic for the genus Mycobacterium; i.e. the meso isomer of 2,6-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose as diagnostic whole-cell sugars, MK-9(H2) as the principal isoprenoid quinone, a mycolic acid pattern of alpha-mycolates, ketomycolates and wax-ester mycolates, unbranched saturated and unsaturated fatty acids plus a small amount of tuberculostearic acid and a significant amount of a C18:0 secondary alcohol. Based on the unique combination of chemical markers among mycobacteria, it is proposed that the isolate should be assigned to a new species, Mycobacterium frederiksbergense sp. nov. This novel species is phylogenetically closely related to Mycobacterium diernhoferi, Mycobacterium neoaurum and Mycobacterium hodleri. The type strain of M. frederiksbergense is strain FAn9T (= DSM 44346T = NRRL B-24126T).

Biodegradation, Environmental↗