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Biomedical subjects

R M Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to R M Kumar.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The chromosome complement of human uncleaved oocytes.

OBJECTIVE: Investigation of human oocyte chromosomes that fail to fertilize may provide data essential to the assessment of reproductive failure. In view of this, 121 uncleaved human oocytes were analyzed cytogenetically to assess the type and frequency of chromosomal abnormality. METHODS: Oocyte recovery was done from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVE) procedures. Then, these oocytes were preincubated and inseminated in vitro. Karyotyping was attempted in 121 oocytes lacking signs fertilization 50 h after insemination. RESULTS: Sixty-nine oocytes were adequately karyotyped. The overall frequency of chromosomal aberration was 47.6%. Amongst these, 34.8% were aneuploidy, the frequency of which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in patients > 35 years of age. Diploidy and hyperploidy was noted in 7.2% and 2.8% respectively. Translocation were noted in 2.8% and in 18.8% of human oocytes sperm chromosome condensation appeared prematurely in the G1 phase. No correlation was a found between specific chromosomal aberrations and type of fertility, stimulation treatment or gonadotropin levels. CONCLUSION: The high rate of chromosomal disorders (47.6%) in human oocytes may contribute significantly towards their failure to fertilize in vitro.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Incidence and clinical manifestations of HIV-1 infection in multitransfused thalassaemic Indian children.

Four hundred and six multitransfused thalassaemic children attending the paediatric clinic in Manipur, India, were screened for HIV antibodies. There were 46 (8.9%) ELISA antibody-positive children and the diagnosis was reaffirmed by Western blot assay. The immunologic status of the seropositive children was evaluated by a) absolute lymphocyte count, b) percentage of ratio of T helper (CD4+) and T suppressor (CD8+) cells, c) quantitative Ig, G, M and A levels and d) delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity (DTH) testing. Twelve of the 36 seropositive children were clinically symptomatic with AIDS. The clinical and immunological status of seropositive children are compared with matched seronegative thalassaemic control groups. Five of the 12 symptomatic seropositive children had received continued antiretroviral treatment. The mortality rate at the end of 36 weeks of itinerary was 20% in contrast to 50% in the untreated children. This report highlights the value of early recognition and therapeutic intervention in a selected high risk paediatric population.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

Zidovudine use in pregnancy: a report on 104 cases and the occurrence of birth defects.

As more women of childbearing age are being identified as HIV infected, vertical transmission to the fetus and/or neonate is an increasingly significant therapeutic problem. Currently the use of zidovudine is one of the few specific measures available, and as a potentially teratogenic and fetotoxic agent, any decision for its use requires evaluation of the potential for fetal damage. In a series of 104 cases of intentional or inadvertent use of zidovudine at differing gestations in pregnancy, there were eight spontaneous first trimester abortions, eight therapeutic terminations, and eight cases of fetal abnormality occurring among a total of 88 cases where the pregnancy progressed. Analysis and correlation of antenatal data and drug therapy with individual cases failed to show any specific abnormality that could reasonably be attributed to zidovudine therapy. While not proving safety, these data add to previous smaller series with similar findings, thus lending tenuous support to the use of this agent. Continuing studies are required, particularly to clarify the possibility of long-term developmental defects.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗