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Biomedical subjects

R M Roth

Publications and source records attributed to R M Roth.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Pneumonia in the elderly: a nursing home perspective.

The development of pneumonia is a life-threatening event in a nursing home resident. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae are major identifiable bacterial pathogens. Some elderly patients with pneumonia can be effectively treated in the nursing home. The clinical impression of pneumonia merits radiologic confirmation. Cefuroxime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and cefaclor offer theoretic advantages in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia in elderly nursing home residents.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Branhamella catarrhalis: an unappreciated pulmonary pathogen.

Branhamella catarrhalis is being increasingly identified as an important pulmonary pathogen, particularly in elderly patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. This gram-negative diplococcus can readily be isolated and detected in respiratory secretions. Laboratory identification requires care and beta-lactamase testing. Recognition of lower respiratory tract disease caused by B. catarrhalis is rewarding, since safe and effective therapy exists to treat these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Photosensitivity in thiopyronine-resistant yeast mutants.

In yeast, thiopyronine (TP) acts both as a growth inhibitor (in the dark) and a photodynamic sensitizer (in the light). We have isolated a large number of TP-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterized them by genetic and photobiological techniques. Resistance to the growth-inhibitory (dark) effects of TP can arise by mutations in at least four separate genes. Growth-inhibitory and photodynamic effects of TP can be genetically separated, as evidenced by the finding that resistance mutants affected in three of the genes were not altered in their photodynamic response to the dye. In contrast, a mutation in the fourth gene simultaneously conferred high resistance to both the growth-inhibitory and photosensitizing effects of TP, suggesting that a mutation had occurred at a step common to the expression of both effects. Preliminary data suggest that this mutation reduces the ability of the cells either to take up, or bind, TP.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1981

Changes in DNA during meiosis in a repair-deficient mutant (rad 52) of yeast.

The kinetic patterns of DNA synthesis in wild-type (RAD+) and rad 52 mutants of yeast, which exhibit high levels of synchrony during meiosis, are comparable. However, RAD 52 mutants accumulate single-strand breaks in parental DNA during the DNA synthesis period. Thus, the product of the RAD 52 gene has a role in meiotic DNA metabolism, as well as in the repair of DNA damage during mitotic growth. The observed breaks may be unresolved recombination intermediates.

DNA Repair↗
PubMed1977

Gamma A myeloma with hyperviscosity and obstructive uropathy.

A patient with gamma A myeloma, hyperviscosity and an obstructive uropathy is described. Operation revealed a proteinaceous mass obstructing the right renal pelvis. Immunoprecipitin and immunofluorescent analysis of this mass and concentrated urine demonstrated the presence of gamma A myeloma protein, kappa light chains and albumin. This is the first description of an obstructive uropathy in multiple myeloma owing to a proteinaceous matrix containing paraprotein.

Blood Viscosity↗
PubMed1972

Dependence of ribonucleic acid synthesis on continuous protein synthesis in yeast.

Using an auxotrophic strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we examined the kinetics of ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis following inhibition of protein synthesis caused by amino acid starvation or cycloheximide. Removal of a required amino acid immediately stopped net protein synthesis. After a brief lag, RNA synthesis also ceased. Cycloheximide, a ribosome-inhibiting drug, also immediately halted net protein synthesis. Again RNA synthesis stopped after a brief lag. Although cycloheximide and amino acid starvation affect different steps in protein biosynthesis, both inhibited RNA synthesis in identical fashion. This indicates that amino acids do not play a unique role in the control of RNA production in rapidly growing yeast; rather, it suggests that RNA synthesis is responsive to the overall rate of protein synthesis itself.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in the elderly.

Pneumonia remains the leading infectious disease-related cause of death among the elderly. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequent pathogen isolated from aged individuals with community-acquired pneumonia. Other common bacteria that cause this disease include Haemophilus influenzae and Legionella pneumophila. Manifestations of pneumonia in the elderly can be subtle and result in delayed recognition and treatment. Gram stain evaluation and culture of non-contaminated expectorated sputum remain the conventional techniques to guide initial antibiotic selection. While the presence of a new infiltrate on chest X-ray confirms the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia, the radiographic appearance of the infiltrate cannot accurately define the etiologic agent. Specific therapeutic measures include administration of appropriate antibiotics, correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalances, nutritional support and treatment of concomitant disorders. Preventive measures include use of influenza vaccine, amantadine and pneumococcal vaccine.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antibiotic irrigations. A plea for controlled clinical trials.

Although the medical literature describes the perioperative use of antibiotic irrigations in abdominal, pelvic, orthopedic and vascular surgery, the lack of well-designed and executed, controlled clinical studies often precludes a definitive assessment of the value of this technique. Future randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials are required to establish its merit. In this age of cost consciousness, lavages with antibiotic solutions cannot at present be regarded as conventional medical therapy.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗