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Biomedical subjects

R M Schaffer

Publications and source records attributed to R M Schaffer.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

The triad of substance abuse, violence, and depression are interrelated in pregnancy.

A study group of 271 registrants had their medical and social history taken by a nurse-interviewer and were requested to take the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory. If the nurse interviewer felt that the patient needed social service assessment, referral was made, and a social worker completed the the Social Service Review Questionnaire. The patients who were reported as positive for substance abuse did not respond differently from their negative counterparts for issues of demographics, pregnancy, social support, and career. They were highly likely to have had a history of severe depression and/or have been a victim of physical and/or sexual abuse. On the basis of these data we recommend that the prenatal patient who responds positively in her personal history regarding any of these three experiences should be carefully evaluated for problems related to the other two.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Renal manifestations of Kawasaki's disease.

Renal sonographic evaluation of seven patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome were performed and correlated with clinical and laboratory data either supporting or not supporting renal disease associated with this entity. Four of seven patients demonstrated significant elevations of the BUN, creatinine and/or significant proteinuria. These four patients had renal sonographic findings of increased cortical echogenicity, enlarged kidneys and enhanced corticomedullary differentiation. This complication of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome has heretofore not been noted.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Ultrasonography of scrotal trauma.

Ultrasound has emerged as the diagnostic imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of patients with scrotal trauma. Most studies of testicular rupture show great accuracy with virtually no instances of false-positive or false-negative diagnoses. Ultrasonography is capable of differentiating between scrotal hematoma, extratesticular fluid collections, posttraumatic torsion testis, posttraumatic epididymitis, epididymal hematoma, as well as testicular rupture. The differentiation of hematocele from pyocele or exudative hydrocele is generally not possible. In patients with suspected testicular rupture, an accurate diagnosis followed by prompt surgical repair is the key to preservation of testicular function. Ultrasound is an extremely useful adjunct to the physical examination in cases of blunt scrotal trauma both for the differential diagnosis of the enlarged scrotum and for determining the necessity for emergency surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage in utero after a maternal seizure.

Reported is a patient who noted decreased fetal movements after a seizure at 32 weeks' gestation. Sonography revealed fetal death and findings consistent with an intraventricular hemorrhage. The possible explanations for and the significance of an association between a maternal seizure and fetal intraventricular hemorrhage are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Renal ultrasound in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

Ten patients with clinical and laboratory features of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) underwent renal ultrasonography prior to biopsy because of proteinuria, azotemia, or uremia. Four patients had a history of intravenous heroin abuse and were considered separately so as to exclude it as a cause of nephropathy. Histological examination revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which in patients with AIDS is characterized by rapid progression to severe uremia (though FSGS can also occur in several other forms of renal disease). The authors recommend that AIDS-associated FSGS be considered as a cause of type I parenchymal disease and suggest that serial sonograms may be useful in monitoring progressive renal involvement.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Sonographic identification of collecting system duplications.

Sonography can replace urography in the search for a duplication anomaly of the collecting system. As a screening procedure, sonography is more cost effective and does not require ionizing radiation or an intravascular injection.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1983

Nonobstructive hydrocolpos: sonographic appearance and differential diagnosis.

Hydrocolpos in the pediatric patient almost invariably occurs secondary to fluid distending the vaginal canal proximal to an obstructive lesion, usually an imperforate hymen. There are, however, other causes for fluid filling and sometimes markedly distending the vagina; many of these are not pathologic. Sonographically, fluid in the vaginal canal often has a confusing appearance and may be mistaken for a pathologic mass. Ways of differentiating hydrocolpos from other normal and abnormal pelvic fluid collections are described. Five adult patients are presented who showed a varied sonographic spectrum of nonobstructive hydrocolpos.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The echoic pseudogestational sac of ectopic pregnancy simulating early intrauterine pregnancy.

The sonographic features of ectopic pregnancy have been well documented. When an early intrauterine pregnancy is identified or an obvious extrauterine sac is visualized, diagnosis is not a problem; but often a sac is seen within the uterus that may contain a well-defined rind and even internal echoes simulating an early fetal pole. This has been mistaken for an early intrauterine pregnancy. In this review, four patients with pseudogestational sacs had internal echoes within the sac, and two of them ultimately underwent dilatation and curettage, which revealed blood clots. This supports the assertion that fetal cardiac activity and/or fetal motion should be demonstrated within a fetal pole before the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is excluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The ultrasonographic spectrum of fetal omphalocele.

Four cases of fetal omphalocele diagnosed in utero by ultrasonography represent variations in the sonographic appearance of this rare anomaly. A possible pathogenesis of omphalocele is presented, with a discussion of the associated complications and the effect of diagnosing omphalocele prenatally on the management of the pregnancy itself. The association between fetal omphalocele and elevated alpha-fetoprotein is significant, and may prompt a search for a small omphalocele that would otherwise be missed on a routine obstetric sonogram. The differentiation of omphalocele from gastroschisis is difficult, yet the two anomalies can be reliably differentiated sonographically.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Sarcoidosis and mediastinal emphysema.

Mediastinal emphysema developed in a 13-year-old boy with diffuse interstitial pulmonary disease, later proved to be sarcoid. No previous report was found.

Adolescent↗