PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R M Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to R M Shapiro.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The evaluation of a support group for families of the chronic mentally ill.

One promising approach to meeting the needs of families of the mentally ill is through the use of support groups. The organization, format, and evaluation of a support group for families of the chronically mentally ill is described. The program was designed to provide support and guidance, increase understanding of mental illness and its impact on the family, and encourage family members to become more active in the treatment process. Preliminary findings suggest that families gained a more realistic understanding of mental illness and recognized the important role they play in providing support to the patient. At follow-up, participants' social networks had grown and many were more active and involved in the treatment process.

Family↗
PubMed1978

Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in urological patients: a controlled, randomized trial of low-dose heparin and external pneumatic compression boots.

A prospective, randomized clinical trial in 83 patients undergoing open urological operations was performed to compare the relative prophylactic efficacy of low-dose heparin and external pneumatic compression (EPC) of the calves in comparison to no treatment in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis was established by the I125 fibrinogen scan and contrast phlebography. The data indicate that EPC is more effective than no treatment (p less than 0.04) and more effective than low-dose heparin (p less than 0.04) in the prevention of DVT. There was one pulmonary embolus in each of the three groups, and in the treatment groups this occurred without evidence of DVT.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in neurosurgical patients: a controlled, randomized trial of external pneumatic compression boots.

A prospective, randomized clinical trial in 95 patients undergoing neurosurgical operative procedures was performed to investigate the efficacy of external pneumatic compression (EPC) of the calves as compared with results in a control group that received no specific form of prophylaxis for prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The diagnosis of DVT was established by the I125 fibrinogen scan and radiographic contrast phlebography. The data indicate that EPC provides significant protection against the development of DVT in comparison with results in the control group (p less than 0.005). There were no known pulmonary emboli in any of the EPC-treated patients. There were no complications of EPC.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1975

Management of heparin therapy: Controlled prospective trial.

Among 100 consecutive patients receiving heparin in therapeutic dosage, major bleeding occurred in 21, and minor bleeding in 16. Two patients died from bleeding, and two had recurrent pulmonary embolism. Major bleeding occurred in 21% when therapy was regulated with whole-blood clotting time and in 20% when heparin was given without clotting tests. In a subsequent prospective trial patients received heparin by intermittent intravenous injection with or without laboratory control according to the partial thromboplastin time or continuously by intravenous infusion. Recurrent thromboembolism occurred once in each group. Major bleeding was seven times more frequent with intermittent injection than with continuous infusion. Control with the partial thromboplastin time did not prevent major bleeding in patients receiving intermittent injections. With continuous infusion, one-fourth less heparin was required than with intermittent injections. Administration of heparin by continuous infusion appears safer than intermittent injection with or without laboratory control and is no less effective for prevention of thromboembolism.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceived helpfulness of messages on a community-based telephone support service for ex-smokers.

Callers to a community-based telephone support service for ex-smokers evaluated the perceived helpfulness of six categories of taped messages. These categories were: behavioral coping, cognitive coping, negative health, positive health, informational, and supportive. Supportive messages were rated as significantly more helpful than negative health, informational, and behavioral coping. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

White matter changes associated with deletions of the long arm of chromosome 18 (18q- syndrome): a dysmyelinating disorder?

PURPOSE: To evaluate the MR findings in the central nervous systems of patients with deletions of the long arm of chromosome 18 (18q- syndrome). METHODS: Sixteen patients with 18q- syndrome ranging in age from 3 to 46 years (mean, 17 years) were studied with high-field-strength MR imaging. Images were analyzed for abnormal T2 hyperintensity in the white matter, abnormal T2 hypointensity in the deep gray matter, and atrophy. RESULTS: Ten of 16 patients had abnormal white matter. Diffuse, bilaterally symmetric deep white matter T2 hyperintensity, most pronounced in the periventricular regions, was most common, noted in eight cases. Focal deep white matter lesions and/or abnormalities involving the subcortical white matter were also noted in four cases. The cerebellum, brain stem, and corpus callosum were spared. Ventriculomegally associated with volume loss, and abnormal T2 hypointensity in the basal ganglia and/or thalami were each present in 11 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The 18q- syndrome is associated with white matter disease and abnormal T2 hypointensity in the deep gray matter. The basis for the white matter abnormalities is unknown, but may be related to one of the two genes for myelin basic protein included in the deleted segment of chromosome 18.

Adolescent↗