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Biomedical subjects

R Mühlemann

Publications and source records attributed to R Mühlemann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Evaluation of 2 school mediator courses on alcohol and tobacco problems. Collective analysis versus group analysis].

Secondary school pupils were trained to serve as mediators on alcohol and tobacco problems in their classes. Evaluation was based on danger in behaviour regarding tobacco and alcohol in their classmates. Classes without any influence of mediators served as controls. Increased knowledge and motivation to abstain from alcohol and tobacco were measured. In this survey the individual dynamics of each class and the teacher's influence interfered with the mediators effect. If these facts are taken into account, such projects may become useful tools in health education.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1986

[Nutrition education in kindergarten: results of an intervention study].

The nutrition intervention in the case of the 3 target groups (children, kindergarten teachers and parents) with regard to knowledge, awareness of nutrition problems, efforts to make changes and the achieved improvement in eating habits met with partial success. Six months after the intervention, this partial success was already in some cases declining, a factor which with an extension of the programme to all kindergartens in the canton of Basel-Stadt will have to be taken into account.

Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1979

[Consumption of sweets and freedom from caries in Basle school children].

A sample of 1'838 school children of Basle, aged 8 to 14 years, who were examined by dentists of the school dental health service, attended at the same time a 24 hour recall interview on nutritional habits. The data show that absence of caries (among 448 or 24,4% of all) is more frequent within those children who prefer fruits instead of sugar containing sweets with and especially between the meals. Since school children are not able to distinguish well between sugar- and non-sugar containing sweets and drinks, health education on such subjects is emphasised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Consumption of sweets by schoolchildren in Basel].

In September 1977 a 24 hour recall interview on nutritional habits, especially on the consumption of oligosacchrides was performed on 2'563 school children of Basel, aged 7 to 15 years after having attended a dental examination. 80,4% did consume sugar containing sweets between the 5 regular meals. The higher the degree of education among the three intermediate schooltypes, the less consumers were found (p less than 0,05). Factors which may influence the different consumption patterns are social status and knowledge on nutritional diseases (e.g. diabetes), but not pocket money. A link between data of the nutritional study and those of the dental examination will follow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Preventive programmes for school children. Organization, duties and activities of the School Health Service of the city of Basel].

From a historical point of view it was the federal tuberculosis law of 1928 which gave an impulse to the Swiss School health services. Almost simultaneously a psychological service for school children was established in Basle. Besides physicians and psychologists, the present staff comprises speech pathologists and scientific coworkers. The mandate issued by the canton's government is mostly geared toward prevention of somatic, psychological and social disorders in the individual child and in risk groups, in the sense of social pediatrics. Carrying out this mandate requires a unity of investigation methods and the decisions resulting from findings. The statistical evaluation of epidemiological data depends on efficient computer use. High priority is given to data protection. With reference to the basic possibilities and limitations of activities in preventive medicine, questions of goals, acceptability and acceptance, curability and cost-benefit are discussed. The competitive situation between therapy and prevention is critically considered. An interdisciplinary approach including all the helping professions is strongly suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[How alcohol and drug consumers see themselves: a personal and social self-assessment (author's transl)].

In a representative inquiry we found significant differences in the self-assessment of 4082 20-year-old Swiss men, as to whether their consumption of alcohol and drugs is high, low, or zero. The heavy users of alcohol and drugs describe themselves as men with frequent personal difficulties and psychosomatic disturbances. They tend to separate earlier from their family and prefer a less conventional, more consume-orientated, and passive way of life than the remainder.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The culture of youth and drug abuse in some European countries.

Old patterns of education are being replaced in some European countries by the different ideological norms of the various groups composing modern society. Youth has lost the sure feeling to belong to a certain culture. Drug abuse primarily represents an attempt to get over this insecurity. In an inquiry in Swiss military schools, recruits were questioned about drug and alcohol use and cigarette smoking, and this was related to the home situation. Juveniles who do not have enough affective support in the primary group seem to be more subject to the conflicts of norms going on in our society. Three general factors seem to be responsible for the drug use among juveniles: (1) the family situation of childhood, (2) the conflicts of norms of the society in which they are involved, and (3) the milieu provocation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[The consumption of alcohol, drugs and the smoking habits of 4,082 healthy young Swiss men as evidenced by a random study].

By means of written questionnaires and (with every third or fourth subject, selected at random) standardized interviews, 4082 recruits from various regions of Switzerland were asked about their alcohol and drug consumption and smoking habits in civilian life. To estimate the consumption pattern during military training all recruits still available towards the end of military service (64.3 percent) were questioned again regarding intake of alcohol, tobacco and drugs during military service. The inquiry showed that in civilian life only 10.4 percent were alcohol abstainers, 39.8 percent were non-smokers and 77 percent had no drug experience. 8.6 percent reported a weekly alcohol consumption of more than 350 g alcohol 100 percent (an amount corresponding to 9 1 beer, 41/2 1 wine, 1 1 brandy), 17.4 percent had smoked more than 24 g tobacco per day (corresponding to more than 24 cigarettes daily), and 10.6 percent had taken drugs more than 6 times in their lives. The study was also designed to demonstrate the relations between family or socioeconomic data and intake of alcohol, tobacco and drugs. It was found that French and Italian speaking recruits indicated a higher alcohol consumption, that the lower socioeconomic class was exposed to be greater risk with regard to alcohol and tobacco consumption and the separately interviewed group of pupils to the greatest risk of drug experinece. Sons of divorced or separated parents, of parents married after the subject's birth or of parents who are heavy alcohol, tobacco or medicament consumers represent a higher percentage among the highest consumption class for alcohol, tobacco and drugs than subjects who had grown up in stable families or whose parents had been non-consumers or only moderate consumers of alcohol, tobacco or drugs. Finally, a correlation was also found between use of leisure time and alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption. It was in the groups of recruits who spent their spare time rather passively that the highest percentage of subjects in the upper consumption classes for alcohol, tobacco and drugs was observed. During military training consumption patterns withregard to alcohol and tobacco hardly changed, and only a small number of subjects (7.7 percent of 2587) took drugs during this time.

Adult↗