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Biomedical subjects

R Madigan

Publications and source records attributed to R Madigan.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

A pilot clinical trial of oral pentosan polysulfate and oral hydroxyzine in patients with interstitial cystitis.

PURPOSE: This pilot study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of a multicenter, randomized, clinical trial in interstitial cystitis (IC). Secondary objectives were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS), hydroxyzine, and the combination to consider their use in a larger randomized clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 2 x 2 factorial study design was used to evaluate PPS and hydroxyzine. Participants met the National Institutes of Health-National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria for IC and reported at least moderate pain and frequency for a minimum of 6 months before study entry. The primary end point was a patient reported global response assessment. Secondary end points included validated symptom indexes and patient reports of pain, urgency and frequency. The target sample size was 136 participants recruited during 10 months. RESULTS: A total of 121 (89% of goal) participants were randomized over 18 months and 79% provided complete followup data. The response rate for hydroxyzine was 31% for those treated and 20% for those not treated (p = 0.26). A nonsignificant trend was seen in the PPS treatment groups (34%) as compared to no PPS (18%, p = 0.064). There were no treatment differences for any of the secondary end points. Adverse events were mostly minor and similar to those in previous reports. CONCLUSIONS: The low global response rates for PPS and hydroxyzine suggest that neither provided benefit for the majority of patients with IC. This trial demonstrated the feasibility of conducting a multicenter randomized clinical trial in IC using uniform procedures and outcomes. However, slow recruitment underscored the difficulties of evaluating commonly available IC drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Pulse oximetry.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Ear, External↗
PubMed1995

Intraoperative lower extremity reflex muscle activity as an adjunct to conventional somatosensory-evoked potentials and descending neurogenic monitoring in idiopathic scoliosis.

STUDY DESIGN: Lower extremity polysynaptic reflexes and descending neurogenic motor and ascending somatosensory activity were recorded. OBJECTIVE: Two cases are presented to illustrate the intraoperative use of lower extremity reflex recordings for detecting compromise of spinal cord function. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Lower extremity reflex processing can be used to measure integrated spinal cord activity, whereas descending neurogenic and ascending somatosensory potentials measure only long tract function. METHODS: Eight channels of lower extremity polysynaptic reflex activity were recorded simultaneously after unilateral lower extremity mixed nerve stimulation. Sequential descending neurogenic and ascending somatosensory activity was recorded simultaneously with reflex recordings. RESULTS: In these two patients with idiopathic scoliosis, intraoperative reflexes changed before descending neurogenic and before ascending somatosensory activity changed. High-amplitude synchronous persistent reflex activity correlated with a postoperative neurologic deficit. Low-amplitude asynchronous transient reflex activity was not associated with a postoperative neurologic deficit. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative lower extremity reflex changes are more sensitive to spinal cord compromise than are changes in long tract function. Lower extremity polysynaptic reflexes monitor the integrated activity of the spinal cord that is responsible for the control of complex motor behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Intraoperative long-latency reflex activity in idiopathic scoliosis demonstrates abnormal central processing. A possible cause of idiopathic scoliosis.

Segmental reflex regulation in 37 patients with idiopathic scoliosis and 8 patients with nonidiopathic scoliosis was studied by recording evoked reflex muscle potentials from four muscle groups in each lower extremity during partial neuromuscular blockade. Effects on reflex activity mediated through descending systems arising in the brain stem were investigated by recording from proximal-distal and flexor-extensor muscles. Ipsilateral and contralateral long-latency complex polysynaptic activity was present in all 37 patients with idiopathic scoliosis. This reflex activity was absent in eight nonidiopathic scoliosis patients. Long-latency reflex activity may represent segmental disinhibition. The presence of long-latency reflex activity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis and the absence of this activity in nonidiopathic scoliosis patients with curves of equal magnitude demonstrates that the curve per se is not responsible for the activity. This would imply that abnormal reflex processing may play a role in the development of the spinal deformity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Cognitive strategies of university athletes.

Thirty-six college basketball players and skiers, both men and women, were interviewed about their use of cognitive processes to prepare themselves for competition. The interviews examined cognitive techniques for enhancing motor skills and developing competitive strategies. During the interviews the subjects engaged in some of their cognitive preparation strategies and then described the details of these experiences. All athletes reported that the use of cognitive strategies enhanced their performance. Their imagery was rich, detailed, and multisensory. An average of three sensory modalities were present in the imagery. Vision, kinesthesis, and touch were the most common sensory experiences reported, but audition, taste, and smell were also experienced by some athletes. Strong affective states, especially confidence and satisfaction, accompanied the imagery. Individual differences in the imagery used by the athletes were also found and may be related to individual differences in the athletes' cognitive styles.

Basketball↗
PubMed1975

Preliminary experience with a method of quadricepsplasty in recurrent subluxation of the patella.

Nineteen knees were treated for recurrent subluxation or dislocation of the patella by lateral and distal transfer of the vastus medialis with or without release of the lateral retinaculum. Fifty-eight per cent has good or excellent and 42 per cent had poor results after a mean follow-up of twenty-nine months. The factors that predisposed to failure were genu valgum greater than 15 degrees and, to a lesser extent, palpable synovitis associated with symptomatic chondromalacia patellae.

Adolescent↗