PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Madison

Publications and source records attributed to R Madison.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Risk factors for obstructive lung disease.

To assess the role of various risk factors in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), 163 men and women were followed for approximately 6 yr. Subjects were either community volunteers or relatives of patients with antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ or MZ phenotype). At the onset of the study no subject was receiving medical care for COLD. Covariance analysis revealed that expiratory airflow rates declined excessively in male subjects who had the PiMZ phenotype and reported a family history of lung disease. In subjects with the combination of characteristics, loss of lung function approximated that reported in subjects who have established COLD. In several such subjects, abnormalities have progressed so that they now require treatment. Changes in lung function were less striking in the presence of only 1 or 2 of the 3 risk factors studied. These findings demonstrated that the characteristics of the population being studied can influence the outcome of an investigation. This effect may help account fo the conflicting results of previous investigations designed to assess the role of the PiMZ phenotype in the pathogenesis of COLD.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in F344 rats throughout the natural life-span.

The age-related incidence of spontaneously occurring neoplasms and degenerative diseases in the F344 inbred rat strain was established from the histologic examination of tissues from 160 male and 192 female rats kept throughout their natural life-span. The most common neoplasms were leukemias (25%), mammary tumors (females, 40.6%; males, 23.1%), pituitary adenomas (females, 35.9%; males, 23.8%), and testicular interstitial cell tumors (males, 85%). Various less common neoplasms were observed: thyroid interstitial cell tumors, adrenocortical adenomas, carcinomas of the genitourinary tract, representative central nervous system tumors, pheochromocytomas, and tumors of mesodermal origin including mesotheliomas, myoblastomas, fibromas, and fibrosarcomas. Multiple tumor types were found in 176 of the rats; metastatic tumors were uncommon. Degenerative diseases including myocardial degeneration and nephrosis were often observed. The incidence rate of these neoplasms and degenerative diseases generally increased with advancing age of the animals.

Adenoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immune activation and autoantibodies in humans with long-term inhalation exposure to formaldehyde.

Four groups of patients with long-term inhalation exposure to formaldehyde (HCHO) were compared with controls who had short-term periodic exposure to HCHO. The following were determined for all groups: total white cell, lymphocyte, and T cell counts; T helper/suppressor ratios; total Ta1+, IL2+, and B cell counts; antibodies to formaldehyde-human serum albumin (HCHO-HSA) conjugate and autoantibodies. When compared with the controls, the patients had significantly higher antibody titers to HCHO-HSA. In addition, significant increases in Ta1+, IL2+, and B cells and autoantibodies were observed. Immune activation, autoantibodies, and anti-HCHO-HSA antibodies are associated with long-term formaldehyde inhalation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunologic abnormalities in humans exposed to chlorpyrifos: preliminary observations.

Twelve individuals who were exposed to chlorpyrifos were studied 1-4.5 y following exposure to determine changes in the peripheral immune system. The subjects were found to have a high rate of atopy and antibiotic sensitivities, elevated CD26 cells (p < .01), and a higher rate of autoimmunity, compared with two control groups. Autoantibodies were directed toward smooth muscle, parietal cell, brush border, thyroid gland, myelin, and ANA. Chlorpyrifos exposure was implicated in the immunologic abnormalities reported. The immunologic changes were similar to those reported for other pesticides.

Adult↗