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Biomedical subjects

R Maiolini

Publications and source records attributed to R Maiolini.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Plasma exchange by cascade filtration. Clinical and biological study].

Nineteen double-filtration plasma exchanges were performed in 8 patients selected according to the presence or absence of disease-related and/or patient-related risk factors. The haemofiltration system consists of 2 filters with different pore sizes. The first filter, called plasma separator (Asahi plasmaflo HI-05), separates plasma from whole blood; the second filter, called plasma filter (Asahi XK-60; Kuraray Eval 2A or 4A), separates high molecular weight components from plasma. The filtrate from the second filter is returned to the patient mixed with blood cells and either a 4% albumin solution or Plasmion to replace the plasma discarded (about 0.5-0.8 I for a 1-1.5 plasma mass treated). The system (a) modulates venous pressure and transmembrane pressure in each of the two filters by means of pump velocity variations; (b) recirculates and concentrates the plasma extracted, and (c) provides information on the plasma mass extracted by the second filter. In our study, antihistaminics were always infused before each plasma exchange session, and blood pressure and electrocardiogram were monitored throughout the session. The selectivity of the second filter is relatively good for low and high molecular weight components (e.g. albumin and IgM respectively), but needs to be improved for those of intermediate molecular weight, such as IgG and immune complexes. The amounts of plasma substitute utilized are about 6 times less than with conventional methods; however, transmembrane pressure in the second filter is imperfectly controlled, and this too calls for improvement. A study is in progress to evaluate the ideal plasma mass to be extracted. Clinically, and taking into account the biological results obtained, diseases with high molecular weight mediators should benefit from the double-filtration technique, but this technique needs to be perfected for the treatment of IgG-mediated diseases.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1983

Technical and clinical aspects of cascade filtration plasma exchange (CFPE).

Cascade filtration plasma exchanges (CFPE) were realized using an hemofiltration system (HFS) coupled to 2 filters with different pore sizes. The first one (F1 = plasma-separator; Asahi plasmaflo HI-05) separates plasma from whole blood, the second one (F2 = plasma filter; Asahi XK-60, Kuraray EVAL 2A or 4A) filtrates high molecular weight (MW) components from the separated plasma. F2 filtrate returns to patient mixed with blood cells and 4% Albumin solution or Plasmion R replacing plasma discarded (about 0.5-0.8 I for 1-1.5 plasma mass (PM) treated). The HFS is able i) to modulate the different pressures (venous pressure, F1 and F2 transmembrane pressures (TMp] using pumps speed variators, ii) to recirculate and concentrate extracted plasma and iii) to know F2 treated PM. Blood pressure, pulse rate and electrocardiogram were monitored during each CFPE session. Nineteen CFPE were performed for 8 patients selected among our PE indications, this selection taking into account presence or not of risk factors linked to disease e and/or to patient. Anti-histamine drugs were always infused before CFPE session. On a biological point of view, the problem lies into F2 selectivity which is relatively good for low (as Albumin) and high (as IgM) MW molecules which are returned to patient or discarded, but should be improved for the intermediate ones (as IgG). On a technical point of view, the plasma substitute quantity is reduced about six times. But the control of F2 TMp is not perfectly and the PM to be treated has to be investigated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Improvement of the demonstration of A, B, H surface antigens in bladder tumors by a simple immunofluorescence technique.

The presence of A, B and H blood group antigens in paraffin-embedded tissue sections was demonstrated with a routine direct and indirect immunofluorescence technique. Natural and human antisera were used for 102 biopsy specimens of the various blood groups, including normal mucosa and vesical tumors. This technique allows a more precise description than the specific red cell adherence reaction of the differentiation pattern of the tumor itself and of the surrounding and distant mucosa. It may prove useful in suggesting a revised classification system, with more diagnostic and prognostic significance.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1981

[Hypovolaemic shock due to increased capillary permeability (author's transl)].

In a 69-year-old man admitted to hospital for shock with symptoms suggesting acute cor pulmonale, laboratory tests showed low proteinaemia associated with haemoconcentration. Vascular filling led to recovery, but the condition relapsed 6 months later, heralded by weight increase, swelling of the face and profuse swelling; the patient again recovered. On this last occasion, a monoclonal peak of IgG kappa thought to have antibody activity was discovered. These attacks of hypovolaemic shock seem to be due to sudden increases in capillary permeability.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Mycosis fungoides associated with Mediterranean lymphoma.

Mycosis fungoides was observed in a 71-year-old male with Mediterranean lymphoma, a B-cell malignancy. It is proposed that this association is not incidental since hypergammaglobulinaemia and even monoclonal gammopathies have repeatedly been described in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Mediterranean lymphoma might have resulted from (a) helper cell activities of tumor T-lymphocytes, (b) common antigenic stimuli, or (c) deranged T-B cooperation due to concomitant mycosis fungoides.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

A sandwich method of enzyme immunoassay. III. Assay for human beta-2 microglobulin compared with radioimmunoassay.

A sandwich enzyme immunoassay has been developed to measure human beta-2 microglobulin (beta 2m) in bilogical fluids. beta 2m is first bound by specific antibody covalently coupled to microcrystalline cellulose. The solid phase is washed and reincubated with glucose oxidase-labeled anti-beta 2m antibody. After washing, the enzymic activity of the solid phase is measured by incubation with the appropriate chromogenic substrate. The OD is directly related to the quantity of beta 2m to be measured. A second sandwich assay has also been developed which uses plastic microplates coated with the IgG fraction of rabbit anti-beta 2m serum. Reproducible results are obtained in the range 2-150 and 0.75-48 microgram/l respectively. These tests detect 17 fmoles of beta 2m. Assays of 27 sera showed good agreement between these two enzyme immunoassay methods and two radioimmunoassays.

Beta-Globulins↗
PubMed1980

Study of an enzyme immunoassay kit for carcinoembryonic antigen.

We evaluated a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) based on a non-competitive "sandwich principle" method (Abbott Laboratories). The serum sample is treated with an acid buffer and the supernate is incubated with an anti-CEA coated polystyrene bead. After washing, the bead is incubated with an anti-CEA/peroxidase conjugate. After a second washing, the activity of the enzyme bound to the solid phase is assayed after addition of a chromogenic substrate. This activity is proportional to the concentration of CEA in the serum sample. The characteristics of the assay are: (a) good sensitivity (around 0.25 microgram/L) and (b) satisfactory reproducibility (CV < 11% within assay). There is little cross reactivity between CEA and molecules such as nonspecific cross-reacting antigens that are known for their high potential of cross reactivity. No nonspecific interference was encountered with anti-globulin factors. We compared results with this enzyme immunoassay kit with those by a radioimmunoassay provided by the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique. The correlation (r) was 0.95 (p < 0.001). The distribution of CEA values obtained for 1020 normal subjects is given. We conclude that the kit provides a simple and reliable procedure.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1980

[Study of a kit for the search for HBs antigen by an enzymo-immunological method (author's transl)].

The authors present a kit marketed by Abbott for searching HBs antigen by an immunological method. This technic of sandwich type included 3 stages. During a first stage, the HBs antigen eventually present was extracted from the biological fluid by a specific antibody adsorbed on a polystyrène bead. After washing, a second specific antibody labelled with peroxidase was added. After incubation and washing, the peroxidase activity of the bead was revealed by adding a chromogenic substrate. The development of a colour indicated the presence of HBs antigen in the biological fluid under study. Very simple to use, this kit permits specific detection of HBs antigen with a sensitivity comparable to that of radio-immunoassay. A good correlation was obtained with the radio-immunological kit Austria II and with the enzymo-immunological kit Hepanostika.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1980

[Clinical applications of enzyme-immunoassay of rheumatoid factor].

The authors describe a method of enzymo-immunological estimation of rheumatoid factor. This estimation, of non-competitive type, includes 3 stages : the rheumatoid factor is first extracted from the serum by fixation on the aggregated IgG linked to cellulose powder; then its presence is revealed by fixation of an oxidase IgG glucose conjugate on the solid phase; finally, the enzyme activity linked to the solid phase is measured. This activity is directly related to the concentration of rheumatoid factor present. The estimation, carried out on 2 050 patients including 114 with rheumatoid arthritis, is well correlated with technic of the Rose-Waaler reaction. Furthermore, the greater sensitivity, the better reproducibility and the quantitative character of this method might improve the supervision of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗