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Biomedical subjects

R Mallett

Publications and source records attributed to R Mallett.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Morbid risk of schizophrenia in first-degree relatives of white and African-Caribbean patients with psychosis.

BACKGROUND: The high rate of schizophrenia among the second-generation African-Caribbean population in Britain has prompted much concern and speculation. Sugarman and Craufurd have reported that the morbid risk in the siblings of second-generation African-Caribbean schizophrenic patients was unusually high compared with that of the siblings of White patients. METHOD: We sought to replicate these findings by comparing the morbid risk for schizophrenia in the first-degree relatives of 111 White and 73 African-Caribbean psychotic probands. The latter comprised 35 first-generation (born in the Caribbean) and 38 second-generation (born in Britain) probands. RESULTS: The morbid risk for schizophrenia was similar for the parents and siblings of White and first-generation African-Caribbean patients, and for the parents of the second-generation African-Caribbean probands. However, the siblings of second-generation African-Caribbean psychotic probands had a morbid risk for schizophrenia that was seven times that of their White counterparts (P = 0.007); similarly, the siblings of second-generation African-Caribbean schizophrenic probands had a morbid risk for schizophrenia that was four times that of their White counterparts (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings replicate those of the earlier report of Sugarman and Craufurd, and suggest either that the second-generation African-Caribbean population in Britain is particularly vulnerable to some environmental risk factors for schizophrenia, or that some environmental factors act selectively on this population in Britain.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Human anti-mouse antibody suppression with cyclosporin A.

BACKGROUND: Cyclosporin was used in an attempt to suppress the formation of human antimouse antibody (HAMA) after administration of murine monoclonal antibodies. METHODS: Thirteen patients were given oral cyclosporin (8.6-15 mg/kg/day) starting 2 days before administration of technetium-99m (99mTc) labeled F(ab')2 (3 patients) or Fab (10 patients) murine antibody fragment. Six to nine days later, patients received either rhenium-186 (186Re)-labeled F(ab')2 or an intact antibody. Cyclosporin was continued for 14 days after the second antibody administration. RESULTS: Five patients (38%) did not develop elevated HAMA titers for up to 8 weeks after antibody administration. These five patients had a median cyclosporin concentration of 726 ng/ml, while the eight patients who developed HAMA had a median cyclosporin level of 364 ng/ml. In contrast, when not given cyclosporin, 86% (24/28) of patients developed HAMA after receiving two doses of F(ab')2, and 100% (15/15) developed HAMA after receiving Fab followed by intact antibody. Toxicity from cyclosporin included elevation concentrations of bilirubin and creatinine, and increased blood pressure, which rapidly resolved after the cyclosporin was discontinued. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that cyclosporin given from 2 days before until 2 weeks after administration of either a F(ab')2 or intact murine antibody can suppress HAMA formation. This strategy may permit administration of repeated doses of murine-antibody-based radioimmunotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Comparative effects of calcipotriol (MC903) solution and placebo (vehicle of MC903) in the treatment of psoriasis of the scalp.

The efficacy and safety of calcipotriol solution in the treatment of scalp psoriasis was compared with placebo (vehicle solution), in a multicentre double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study of 49 adult patients. Calcipotriol solution (50 micrograms/ml), or placebo, was applied twice daily over a 4-week period. At the end of the study period 60% of patients on calcipotriol showed clearance or marked improvement of their psoriasis compared with 17% on placebo. Overall assessment of treatment response showed that calcipotriol was superior to placebo in both investigator (P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval for difference 19.0-67.6) and patient (P < 0.001; 95% confidence interval for difference 18.3-68.0) assessments. Total sign score for psoriasis (i.e. the sum of the scores for redness, thickness and scaliness) decreased by 48.9% in the calcipotriol group, and by 18.6% in the placebo group (P = 0.005). Calcipotriol was significantly superior to placebo in reducing redness, thickness, scaliness and extent of psoriasis, and in the patients' assessment in reducing scalp flaking and itching. No statistically significant changes in blood biochemistry were detected during the study, and the solution was generally well tolerated.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Rhenium-186-labeled chimeric antibody NR-LU-13: pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and immunogenicity relative to murine analog NR-LU-10.

A mouse-human chimeric monoclonal antibody (NR-LU-13), with the same pancarcinoma antigen recognition site as a previously studied murine monoclonal antibody (NR-LU-10), was radiolabeled with 186Re using a bifunctional chelate. Nine patients (ages 31-81 yr) with metastatic adenocarcinoma received 186Re NR-LU-13. A single intravenous dose of 42 mg NR-LU-13 labeled with 25 mCi/m2 (two patients) or 60 mCi/m2 (seven patients) was administered. Mean serum disappearance half-time values for the chimeric 186Re NR-LU-10). Fifty percent of the radiolabel was excreted in the urine by 6 days. Tumor localization was demonstrated by gamma camera imaging in seven of nine patients. The percent injected dose per gram in a single tumor biopsy specimen was 0.003% at 72 hr postinjection. Absorbed dose to bone marrow was 1.5 +/- 0.7 rads/mCi and resulted in reversible myelosuppression in five of six evaluable patients who received 60 mCi/m2: median WBC nadir = 2500/microliters; median platelet nadir = 85,500/microliters. Low grade fever, nausea, slight elevations of liver function tests and mild allergic reactions were seen in some patients. The chimeric antibody elicited low levels of anti-NR-LU-13 antibody in six of eight evaluable patients (75%), in contrast to NR-LU-10 which elicited higher levels of human anti-mouse antibody in all patients. This pilot study demonstrates the ability of the chimeric antibody to target tumors with reduced (but not absent) immunogenicity and delayed clearance relative to the murine antibody.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

The influence of racial mix on comparisons of perinatal mortality rate between Area Health Authorities.

The proportion of births to women of New Commonwealth origin in different Area Health Authorities (AHAs) varies widely. The influence of this varying proportion in contributing to differences in perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) between authorities is examined. Firstly, it is shown that the two main 'immigrant' groups have adverse PNMRs compared with Europeans, and that there is a positive correlation between the proportion of immigrant births in an Area and the PNMR. Secondly it is shown that immigrants have PNMRs (standardised for birth weight distribution) better than those of Europeans, and that there is a negative correlation between the proportion of immigrant births in an Area and the standardised PNMR of the whole Area. Thirdly, based on data from Birmingham a correction factor is developed and applied to the standardised PNMR to examine the effect of adjusting for racial mix. Factors other than birthweight contributint to variation between races in their PNMRs are discussed. It is concluded that the effect of race in contributing independently of birthweight to variation between Areas in respect of PNMRs is insufficient to invalidate inter-Area comparisons.

Asia, Western↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cervical spine dysraphism with teratoma exhibiting pulmonary differentiation: case report and review of the literature.

Spinal dysraphism and teratomas are well-recognized spinal cord lesions, but both entities are rare in the cervical spinal cord. Rarely, teratomas have been described within dysraphic lesions in the thoracic and lumbosacral regions. To date, teratomas contained within cervical spine dysraphic lesions have not been described. Although mature cystic teratomas are renowned for the array of organoid tissue differentiation they display, mature lung differentiation is a rarity. While pulmonary differentiation has been described in six female genital tract teratomas, it has not been reported in spinal teratomas. The clinicopathologic features of a complex cervical lesion, comprising a combination of cervical spine dysraphism with a mature cystic teratoma that exhibited pulmonary differentiation, is presented, and the literature on teratomas exhibiting pulmonary differentiation is reviewed.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood Lichen scrofulosorum revisited.

Lichen scrofulosorum (LS), an uncommon cutaneous tuberculous reaction, has been described in children and young adults. In the last three decades, there has been a dearth of literature on the entity in children, despite a global increase in tuberculosis. It is usually associated with localized cervical, hilar, or mediastinal lymphadenopathy or with osseous tuberculosis. The occurrence of LS in association with pulmonary tuberculosis is rare and its occurrence with generalized lymphadenopathy is unrecognized. We report LS in two children and highlight its occurrence with pulmonary tuberculosis and generalized lymphadenopathy.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Papulonecrotic tuberculid in a 2-year-old girl: with emphasis on extent of disease and presence of leucocytoclastic vasculitis.

The clinicopathologic features of childhood papular necrotic tuberculid (PNT) have been detailed in 10 patients. PNT is characterized by symmetric, acral papular lesions that undergo necrosis. Despite widespread cutaneous involvement, the number of lesions is usually sparse. The extensor aspects of the limbs are usually involved and trunk involvement is uncommon. Vasculitis, an integral component of PNT, has been documented only once in childhood PNT. We describe PNT in a 2-year-old girl in whom a multitude of lesions were present all over the body, including unusual involvement of flexor surfaces of the limbs, trunk, perineum, and vulva. Biopsied tissue revealed the characteristic features of PNT, including leucocytoclastic vasculitis. There was prompt response to antituberculous therapy. Based on the findings in this patient, we believe that the clinical spectrum of this eminently treatable disease in children must be expanded in terms of distribution and number of lesions to include extensive limb and trunk, perineal, and vulval involvement; the histopathologic spectrum of childhood PNT must include leucocytoclastic vasculitis; and adult and childhood PNT share common histopathologic features, including a common cellular immunohistochemical profile, thereby suggesting a common pathogenesis.

Child, Preschool↗