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Biomedical subjects

R Malone

Publications and source records attributed to R Malone.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Breastfeeding--midwives' personal experiences.

99% of midwife mothers surveyed had a positive attitude to breastfeeding. 82% of these midwives considered that they had been successful in their attempt to breastfeed their own babies. 66% felt that the theory of breastfeeding they learned was applicable in practice. Of those for whom theory was applicable in practice, 76% felt that their theoretical knowledge also contributed to a positive personal experience of breastfeeding. The factors which contributed to successful breastfeeding were a relaxed approach, a positive attitude, determination and good support from partners and other midwives. The factors which contributed to unsuccessful breast-feeding were breast problems, fatigue, and poor milk supply. Midwife mothers would have appreciated more support with breastfeeding-many felt that they were left to cope on their own because they were health professionals.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1992

Gene rescue in plants by direct gene transfer of total genomic DNA into protoplasts.

To study the possibility of gene rescue in plants by direct gene transfer we chose the Arabidopsis mutant GH50 as a source of donor DNA. GH50 is tolerant of chlorsulfuron, a herbicide of the sulfonylurea class. Tobacco protoplasts were cotransfected with genomic DNA and the plasmid pHP23 which confers kanamycin resistance. A high frequency of cointegration of the plasmid and the genomic DNA was expected, which would allow the tagging of the plant selectable trait with the plasmid DNA. After transfection by electroporation the protoplasts were cultivated on regeneration medium supplemented with either chlorsulfuron or kanamycin as a selective agent. Selection on kanamycin yielded resistant calluses at an absolute transformation frequency (ATF) of 0.8 x 10(-3). Selection on chlorsulfuron yielded resistant calluses at an ATF of 4.7 x 10(-6). When a selection on chlorsulfuron was subsequently applied to the kanamycin resistant calluses, 8% of them showed resistance to this herbicide. Southern analysis carried out on the herbicide resistant transformants detected the presence of the herbicide resistance gene of Arabidopsis into the genome of the transformed tobacco. Segregation analysis showed the presence of the resistance gene and the marker gene in the progeny of the five analysed transformants. 3 transformants showed evidence of genetic linkage between the two genes. In addition we show that using the same technique a kanamycin resistance gene from a transgenic tobacco could be transferred into sugar beet protoplasts at a frequency of 0.17% of the transformants.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1990

Reliability of DSM-III diagnoses of hospitalized children.

The reliability of diagnoses of 46 child psychiatric inpatients made using three independent instruments--an unstructured interview with the parent and child that produced the chart diagnosis, a structured interview with the parent, and a structured interview with the child--was assessed. These diagnoses were then compared with a review diagnosis, which was based on all information available at the patient's discharge. Substantial disagreement between the diagnoses resulting from the structured and unstructured interviews was found in one-third of the cases. The review diagnosis disagreed with the chart diagnosis in 33 percent of the cases but disagreed with the diagnosis resulting from the structured interview with the parent in 13 percent of the cases. While structured interviews can contribute to the standardization of diagnoses, the reliability and validity of child psychiatric diagnoses remain problematic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Noncompliance in the treatment of endocarditis. The medical staff as co-conspirators.

Intravenous drug abusers with endocarditis present difficult problems in both medical and psychiatric management. A retrospective chart survey revealed that eight of nine such patients with endocarditis signed out against medical advice before antibiotic therapy was completed. Reasons for premature discharge included the patient's underlying psychopathology as well as the emotional response of the staff to these patients. Understanding both of these factors may help to prevent these premature discharges.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Pharmacokinetics of lithium carbonate in children.

The pharmacokinetics in both serum and saliva of a single oral dose of lithium carbonate 300 mg was investigated in nine children aged 9 to 12 years. The serum and saliva concentration-time curves were parallel and biexponential, with a fast distribution phase after the peak at the second hour and a slow elimination phase starting from the 12th hour. The fast phase half-life was 6.0 +/- 1.8 hour in the serum, and 5.8 +/- 1.9 hour in the saliva. The slow phase half-life was 17.9 +/- 7.4 hour in the serum and 15.6 +/- 8.2 hour in the saliva. Lithium was 2.84 +/- 0.86 times higher in the saliva than in the serum, with a saliva/serum r coefficient of correlation of 0.93. A relatively large error was found in predicting serum levels from saliva. There were significant intersubject differences in the saliva/serum ratio, which point to the need for individual ratios in clinical use. On the whole, the pharmacokinetics of lithium in children had the same features as in adults, with a trend toward a shorter elimination half-life and higher total clearance.

Child↗
PubMed1985

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty vs. surgery for renovascular hypertension.

Therapeutic results in 102 hypertensive patients were evaluated after either renal artery percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) or surgical bypass procedures for renovascular hypertension. A minimum of 6 months of follow-up was accepted to evaluate therapeutic success or failure. Renal angioplasty had a beneficial result in each of 13 patients with fibromuscular dysplasia and in 10 (83%) of 12 patients with atherosclerotic lesions that did not involve the origin of the renal artery. Although surgery was also beneficial in each of six patients with fibromuscular dysplasia, it helped only five of 10 patients with atherosclerosis of the renal artery. Angioplasty results were similar to surgical results for atherosclerotic lesions that involved the origin of the renal artery. Angioplasty was unsuccessful in two cases of neurofibromatosis because of the firm nature of the lesions, where a bypass procedure was successful in one case. Major complications were more common in surgical cases than in angioplasty. PTA is recommended for all renal artery lesions; surgery should be reserved for failed PTA or recurrent renal artery stenosis after PTA.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristic dye absorption peaks found in the FTIR spectra of coloured acrylic fibres.

The improved quality of spectra recorded using FTIR-microspectroscopy has meant that a lot more information is now obtainable from the spectra of dyed acrylic fibres. In addition to the main absorptions produced by the polymer material, additional absorptions resulting from the fibre dye are often present. An attempt has been made to explain some of the strongest and most frequently seen dye bands with the aid of spectra obtained from fibres treated with known dyes. Provided the dye concentration in the fibre is sufficient, it is possible to make some general observations on the type of dyes which have been used. Further investigation in conjunction with HPLC or FTIR-Raman spectroscopy would be useful.

Acrylates↗