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Biomedical subjects

R Martín Alvarez

Publications and source records attributed to R Martín Alvarez.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Is dysuria useful for the diagnosis of infection of the urinary tract?].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of criterion and predictive value of dysuria for the diagnosis of UTI. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study to assess a symptom. SETTING: Six general medicine clinics (four urban clinics and two rural clinics) in the 11th Health Area in Madrid. PATIENTS: The sample consists of 232 patients aged above fourteen who consulted during six consecutive months (116 of them reported having dysuria and 116 were asymptomatic). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTI) was achieved through positive urine cultures or bacteriuria and leukocyturia in the centrifuged urine sediment. The sensitivity (S) of dysuria analysis for the diagnosis of UTI, its specificity (E), its predictive value (VP), and its probability coefficient (CP) were considered. Average age of the sample was 54 years old (range 19-82); 73% of the patients were female. No statistically significative difference of sex and age was found between cases and non-cases (p > 0.1). Dysuria showed a 96% of sensitivity (95% CI, 86-98%), a 69% of E (95% CI, 61-76%) and 3.1 of CPP (95% CI, 2.7-3.5) for UTI diagnosis. In the women subgroup there was 95% of sensitivity (95% CI, 84-99%) and 67% of E (95% CI, 58-75%). A positive predictive value of 30% (95% CI, 22-40) and a negative predictive value of 99% (95% CI, 95-100) were estimated for this symptom. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of urinary tract infections is unlikely in the absence of dysuria, but to treat all dysuria patients as UTI entails a high rate of overtreatment.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1997

[HIV/AIDS infection in Area 11 of Madrid: a panorama from the primary care viewpoint].

OBJECTIVES: To find the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of HIV-positive patients and to study the possible differences between patients attended by primary care teams (PCT) and by the hospital specialist unit (SU). DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING: Six PCTs in Villaverde, Usera and Carabanchel (Madrid). PATIENTS: Those infected with HIV and in the morbidity records between January 1992 and January 1995. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: 274 cases were studied. The most important risk practice was being IDU (intravenous drugs user) (80.3%). The most definitive and linked AIDS-related illness was Tuberculosis (39.7%). Patients treated with Zidovudine (or AZT) were monitored by PCTs (p = 0.004), as were those not needing day-hospital treatment (p = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection in our environment follows the typical clinical and epidemiological pattern of this country: transmitted by IDUs, with its most frequent associated infection being tuberculosis. With the exception of AZT or day-hospital treatment, its clinical and epidemiological features are similar in PCTs and SUs. Information and responsible participation of PCT professionals in caring for HIV-positive patients are the key strategies for guaranteeing the quality of health care delivery.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1982

[Duodenal microflora in malnourished infants with acute diarrhea, carbohydrate intolerance and cow's milk protein intolerance].

Duodenal microflora was studied in three groups of malnourished infants: I) 10 cases with acute diarrhea; II) six carbohydrate intolerant infants; III) eight cases with cow's milk protein intolerance. In all of them it was observed linear increases of overgrowing flora, with a greater incidence of Gram negative microorganisms. The greatest number of bacterial counts, with mixed flora was found in group III. In group II, "Escherichia coli" was present in all the cultured aspirates, suggesting that it was not a random fact, and could be the agent responsible of diarrhea.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Duodenal microflora in well-nourished infants with acute diarrhea and with carbohydrate intolerance].

Duodenal microflora was studied in two groups of infants in their first month of life with normal nutritional status: I) 11 infants with acute diarrhea; II) 3 infants with carbohydrate intolerance. No modifications of microflora were found in group I. Meanwhile in group II bacterial counts were always present from 10(3) to indefinite col/ml, being frequent the presence of Gram negative bacteria, with almost half of occasions positive to "Escherichia coli". Duodenal microflora alterations were independent of diarrheal duration and the same than those described in other ages of life.

Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗