Biomedical subjects
R Martínez Ruiz
Publications and source records attributed to R Martínez Ruiz.
[Bacterial conjunctivitis: most prevalent pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity].
INTRODUCTION: Bacterial conjunctivitis is a self-limiting process, but topical antibiotic treatment is recommended to eradicate the pathogen and reduce symptom duration. Since this treatment is usually empirical and prior cultures are not normally taken, the etiological agents involved in the process are unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 596 conjunctival exudates from pediatric outpatients with a diagnosis of acute conjunctivitis in Medical Area 6 of Madrid, Spain, were studied over 3 years (from 2000 to 2002 inclusive). The patients were divided into three age groups: group 1 (infants), group 2 (2- to 6-year-olds) and group 3 (7- to 14-year-olds). RESULTS: A total of 428 bacteria were isolated. The most prevalent bacteria were Haemophilus influenzae (44.8 %) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (30.6 %) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (7.5 %), S. viridans (7.2 %), Moraxella catarrhalis (6.8 %) and Enterobacteriaceae (4.2 %). In 56 exudates (15.1 %), two or more bacteria were isolated and S. pneumoniae 1 H. influenzae were found in 8.1 % of the cases. By age group, S. aureus was significantly more prevalent (p < 0.0001) in group 3 than in groups 1 and 2. Isolation of Enterobacteriaceae, S. viridans and non-fermentative Gram negative bacilli was significantly more frequent (p < 0.05) in group 1 and isolation of S. pneumoniae (p < 0.05) was significantly more frequent in group 2. S. pneumoniae showed the greatest level of resistance to antibiotics used in eye drops and ophthalmic ointments. Ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and rifampin were active in the most prevalent pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: The most prevalent bacteria were H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae. The most active antibiotics in these pathogens were ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and rifampin.
[Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. An established treatment].
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is the most required urinary stone therapy in our country and in the rest of the world. In a way it has replaced the alternative treatments (open surgery, percutaneous nephrolithectomy, ureteroscopy). Nevertheless these therapeutic approaches have still its own indications. Although there is no a definitive agreement, it should be desirable a world-wide consensus where each therapy will have a exactly defined land with all potential of each management improved. We review ESWL technical aspects, its literature-based most accepted indications, adverse bioeffects and last, future improvements are considered.
[Results of the application of a health test in a population of immigrants].
OBJECTIVE: To describe the demographic characteristics and the results of a healthcare exam of immigrants. DESIGN: A retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: Rural doctor office of Villafranca del Castillo. Madrid. PATIENTS: All immigrants (n = 76) that came for care between May of 1996 and May of 1998. INTERVENTIONS: History, physical exam and basic laboratory tests. RESULTS: Demographic data: 82% are women with a medium age of 33 years (SD 8.49). Their places of origin are Central America: 70%, Philippines: 20%, Africa: 5% and South America: 3%. 97% of them work as household employees or gardeners. They have been living in Spain for an average time of 56 months. Health data: 21.1% are smokers and 17.1% low risk drinkers. 64.5% lack tetanus vaccine and 11.8% lack both tetanus and rubeola vaccines. Serologic test for HBV are negative in 68.4%. 14.5% have past infection and there are no cases of chronic or active infection. PPD is over 10 mm in 35.5%, and between 5 and 10 mm in 7.9%. Prevalence of active TBC is 0%. Stool culture is positive in 6.5%. Salmonella tiphy is identified in one case. Stool examination for ova and parasites is positive in 42.1% of the patients. Protozoos (88%) are more common than helminths (12%). CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals a selective young and healthy immigrant group. The low presence of hepatitis B and tuberculosis infections are notable. The majority present parasites in stool samples.
[The antibiotics policy in primary care].
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Effect of ventilatory frequency on fluid filtration rate in isolated perfused rabbit lungs.
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