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Biomedical subjects

R Mathews

Publications and source records attributed to R Mathews.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Dietary fiber and cancer: a supplement for intervention studies.

Dietary fiber is one of several variables being considered in the study of the relationship between diet and cancer. Intervention trials in which dietary fiber is increased are the most direct way of assessing the possible role of fiber in this disease. Two dietary snack products have been developed for use in a fiber intervention study: the high-fiber snack (HFS), which supplies 23 g of dietary fiber per day (mostly from wheat bran) and the low-fiber product (LFS), which provides 3.5 g. Over a 12-week period, 28 volunteers consumed the HFS for 6 weeks and the LFS for 6 weeks. Compliance, as assessed by reports, through recovery of a riboflavin marker in the urine and fecal fiber analysis, was good. The only adverse effects reported were mild abdominal discomfort and gas. Serum ferritin and calcium decreased in some subjects, indicating a need to supplement the products with these essential minerals. Consumption of the snacks did not affect total energy intake or the intake of the nutrients monitored.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Leukotriene C elicits a prolonged excitation of cerebellar Purkinje neurons.

Leukotriene C-1 (LTC-1), a recently characterized potent agonist in bioassays for the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), was tested for electrophysiological effects on central neurons. LTC-1 consistently elicited a unique prolonged excitatory action on cerebellar Purkinje (P) cells when administered locally by pressure ejection from a multibarreled micropipette. This excitation could be reversed by subsequent pressure ejection of FPL 55712 (FPL), a SRS-A end-organ antagonist. Prior application of FPL prevented the LTC-1-induced responses altogether. Heat-inactivated LTC-1 had no effect on P cell discharge. These data suggest that LTC-1, as has been recently found with many other peripherally acting neurohormones, may also function to regulate excitability of central neurons.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1980

Letter to Jo.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed1976

Management of peritonitis and bowel perforation during chronic peritoneal dialysis.

Peritonitis and bowel perforation are the most serious conditions of peritoneal dialysis. This paper reports our experience with these two complications among 87 patients who were admitted to our porgram during a 3.5-year period and were treated with chronic peritoneal dialysis for periods up to 38 months (average 9 months). Approximately 6,000 dialyses were performed. Peritonitis occurred seven times in six patients (0.1%) and five patients had six episodes of bowel perforation (0.1%). All patients were successfully managed with conservative treatment, consisting of continuous peritoneal dialysis and intraperitoneal and systemic antibiotics. Careful aseptic technique seems to be the only necessary factor in prevention of peritonitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The permanent Tenckhoff catheter for chronic peritoneal dialysis.

Over a 3 1/2-year period the permanent Tenckhoff catheter was used in 66 patients (32 men and 34 women) maintained on chronic peritoneal dialysis for periods from 2 1/2 to 36 1/2 months; 57 patients had dialysis in hospital for 20 to 24 hours twice a week and the other 9 had dialysis at home for 10 to 12 hours four times a week. While the Tenckhoff catheter was in place 14 patients received a renal transplant; for 13 who required peritoneal dialysis during the post-transplant phase the Tenckhoff catheter was used. In nine patients abdominal surgery did not interfere with the continuation of peritoneal dialysis via the Tenckhoff catheter. From a total of 5067 dialyses 40 positive cultures were reported (0.8%). Peritonitis was clinically evident on only 14 occasions (0.28%). Permanent catheter obstruction developed in 16 patients, in 11 of whom it was related to peritonitis. With the introduction of the permanent Tenckhoff catheter long-term peritoneal dialysis has become a simple, safe and painless procedure, suitable for virtually all patients who require maintenance dialysis.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of biomechanics to tendon transfers.

This article has focused on considerations important in the application of biomechanics to tendon transfers and has used an example protocol. Different surgeries require different protocols. What is most important is that specific protocols are used, and that they are both safe and effective. The communication among the therapist, surgeon, and patient is essential with the use of any protocol. As Brand has stated, "A hand is a very personal thing. It is the interface between the patient and his or her world. It is an emblem of strength, beauty, skill, sexuality, and sensibility. When it is damaged it becomes a symbol of the vulnerability of the whole person." For the patient who has damage from nerve palsy, paralysis, or injury resulting in a dysfunctional hand, a tendon transfer procedure may prove to be a viable option to restore balance and function, especially if the biomechanics of deformity and correction are considered.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seven-year follow-up of speech/language-impaired and control children: speech/language stability and outcome.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the 7-year outcome of speech/language (S/L) impaired and control children selected from a community sample at age 5 years. METHOD: Two hundred fifteen children completed a variety of speech and language tests at age 12 years. Children with S/L impairment were further classified as "speech only," "language only," or "speech and language impaired." RESULTS: More than 72% of children who had S/L impairment at age 5 remained impaired at age 12. Children with both speech and language problems were most likely to remain S/L impaired; 81% had some kind of S/L impairment at follow-up. Similarly, children with both expressive and receptive language impairment were more likely to show expressive or receptive impairment at follow-up than children with expressive impairment alone. One third of time 1 controls had S/L problems at follow-up, and of these 82% had speech impairment only. CONCLUSIONS: S/L impairment identified at age 5 has long-lasting effects. More pervasive problems were associated with poorer outcomes. Screening at age 5 may be useful, as most serious S/L problems that emerged by middle childhood could be identified at age 5. The effects of S/L treatment require further study.

Adolescent↗