PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Meister

Publications and source records attributed to R Meister.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Angiographic imaging of blood vessels of the lower leg in acute ischemia: comparison of intravenous DSA and intra-arterial DSA].

In patients with acute lower leg ischemia i.v. DSA was compared with i.a. DSA or fine needle injection. The distal flow off was only demonstrated in i.a. DSA, the plantar arch only with fine needle injection. I.v. DSA is limited to the demonstration of the popliteal artery. Consequently fine needle injection should be used in diagnosis of acute peripheral ischemia.

Angiography↗
PubMed1987

Interferon alpha/beta induces changes in the metabolism of polyenoic phospholipids and diacylglycerols in the livers of suckling mice.

Suckling mice were injected daily from birth for 10 days with potent preparations of mouse interferon alpha/beta. Interferon treatment resulted in a markedly lower concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (20:4 omega 6 and 22:6 omega 3) in the two principal liver phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, than in livers of control-treated mice. This effect appeared to correlate with a low level of synthesis of polyunsaturated phospholipids in the livers of interferon-treated mice. Thus, in control mice, synthesis of species of polyunsaturated phospholipids increased markedly in the first 10 days of life, whereas in 10-day-old interferon-treated mice, the level of synthesis of species of polyunsaturated phospholipids was comparable to that in newborn mice. In parallel, a marked increase in the diacylglycerol content without change of its renewal was observed in the livers of interferon-treated mice. We suggest that interferon treatment results in an inhibition of one of the processes that leads to activation of the enzymatic systems responsible for the synthesis of species of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the liver of suckling mice. It seems likely that these results are related to the inhibition of liver cell maturation and the marked cell necrosis that are observed in interferon-treated suckling mice.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Avoiding early failure of tibial prosthetic bypass grafts.

In a series of 97 tibial reconstructions using PTFE bypass grafts the value of perioperative anticoagulation was studied. Acetylsalicylic acid as well as low-dose heparin treatment resulted in a high graft failure rate during the first postoperative days (42%). Patency could be restored in half of the cases by simple thrombectomy. When heparin was given at a dose of 1000 I.U. per hour for two days the graft failure rate was 14%. Only one out of eight thrombosed grafts could be re-opened by thrombectomy. Long-term patency, however, was similar in both groups. We conclude that perioperative heparin treatment is a suitable method to avoid unnecessary thrombectomies of long prosthetic bypass grafts.

Blood Vessel Prosthesis↗
PubMed1987

Whipple's procedure plus intraoperative pancreatic duct occlusion for severe chronic pancreatitis: clinical, exocrine, and endocrine consequences during a 3-year follow-up.

The present investigation provides follow-up data (up to 36 months) of exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function, inflammatory activity, pain, and body weight in 23 chronic pancreatitis patients submitted to Whipple's procedure plus intraoperative Ethibloc occlusion of the remaining pancreatic duct system between January 1983 and February 1984. Clinically, Whipple's procedure plus intraoperative pancreatic duct occlusion resulted in almost complete and continuous cessation of pain as well as significant (p less than 0.05) increase in body weight. With regard to exocrine pancreatic function (Secretin-Pancreozymin test, plasma amino acid consumption test, Pankreolauryl test, fecal chymotrypsin determination), intraoperative pancreatic duct occlusion was shown to induce high-grade insufficiency and thus exocrine parenchymal atrophy in all patients. Simultaneously, the inflammatory process (represented by serum levels of trypsin, lipase, and pancreatic isoamylase) was terminated in all 23 patients. Endocrine pancreatic function, evaluated by serum levels of insulin and C-peptide measured under fasting conditions and subsequent maximal combined beta-cell stimulation as well as corresponding integrated hormone releases, was reduced by partial pancreas resection by about 50%, while there was no further impairment during the 36-month follow-up period in consequence of additional intraoperative pancreatic duct occlusion. Altogether, Whipple's procedure plus intraoperative Ethibloc occlusion of the residual pancreatic duct system seems suitable for termination of the inflammatory process and thus preservation of residual endocrine pancreatic function in chronic pancreatitis.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical pictures of pulmonary aspergillosis].

Pulmonary infection with Aspergillus can present a variety of clinical manifestations. Essentially, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, aspergilloma, and invasive aspergillosis are the three main forms. The coexistence of more than one of these entities is not unusual. Predisposing factors for such mycotic infections include previous lung-structure damage, immunodeficiency, and disturbances in the equilibrium of the resident flora of the respiratory tract. The radiological changes in pulmonary aspergillosis are described in association with clinical presentations and laboratory findings and are demonstrated by actual examples.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1986

Reversal of glucose-induced inhibition of newborn rat liver mitochondrial maturation by administration of alkylxanthines at birth.

A glucose injection given immediately after birth delays the maturation which normally occurs in rat liver mitochondria and which increases the rate of ATP synthesis coupled to succinate oxidation from a low value at birth to the adult value a few hours after birth [R. Meister, J. Comte, L. Baggetto, C. Godinot and D. C. Gautheron, Biochim. biophys. Acta 722, 36 (1983)]. Alkylxanthine (pentoxifylline, HWA 285) administration at birth has no effect on the maturation of mitochondria prepared from 2-hr-old rat livers while DBcAMP administration increases their RCR and their rate of ATP synthesis. On the contrary, both alkylxanthines and DBcAMP reverse the glucose-induced inhibition of mitochondrial maturation. This DBcAMP effect cannot be mimicked by butyrate and is therefore related to cAMP. The cAMP content of rat liver increases during this postnatal period in both control and glucose-treated rats, although glucose administration tends to decrease the level of cAMP. Alkylxanthine administration restores after 2 hr the cAMP level in glucose-treated animals. The variations of RCR could not be completely correlated with the level of cAMP. The possible involvement of other factors in the mitochondrial maturation and the glucose effect is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Improved prognosis in acute pancreatitis].

An initial retrospective analysis of cases treated between 1963 and 1980 showed the main factors improving prognosis to be delayed operative treatment, radical removal of all necrotic tissue, post-operative use of irrigation and suction drainage. The prospective use of this regime during the years 1981 to 1982 resulted in an operative mortality of 29%. A further decrease in the operative mortality to 14% could be achieved in 1983 and 1984 by performing preoperative ERCP, because the knowledge of preexisting pancreatic fistulae and other pathologic changes of the duct system allow an individualized operative treatment adopted to the special problems of each cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

[Therapeutic pancreatic duct occlusion in chronic pancreatitis: clinical, exocrine and endocrine consequences in a 12 month follow-up study].

Therapeutic pancreatic duct occlusion (PDO) is applied to preserve endocrine pancreatic function by atrophizing and thus eliminating chronically inflamed exocrine pancreatic parenchyma. So far, efficient and lasting elimination of exocrine parenchyma is brought about only by intraoperative PDO upon partial duodenopancreatectomy. While partial duodenopancreatectomy itself reduces endocrine pancreatic function by about 40%, intraoperative PDO does not further impair endocrine function. Endocrine function is not affected at all by endoscopic PDO, which has to be improved, however, concerning its eliminatory effect on exocrine pancreatic parenchyma.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1985

[Vascular anatomic principles of surgery of the terminal ileum].

The terminal ileum has a reputation for poor vascularisation. In nontumoral lesions a maximum preservation of the terminal ileum and the ileocaecal valve for functional reasons should be aimed at. Therefore we carried out a study on 200 cadavers by preparation of the superior mesenteric artery and the ileocolic artery and their branches. We used the classification of the arrangements of the arteries of the terminal ileum of Chevrel und Guéraud. We found a lower origin of the anastomosis between the superior mesenteric artery and the ileocolic artery in 56%, an upper origin in 44%. A recurrent ileal artery was present in 84%. Surgical applications can be drawn from this study.

Arteries↗
PubMed1985

Interferon alters the composition and metabolism of lipids in the liver of suckling mice.

Daily injection of suckling Swiss, C3H, and C57BL/6 mice with potent preparations of mouse interferon (IFN) alpha/beta resulted in a decrease in phospholipids and a decrease in the phospholipid-to-protein ratio in the liver. This decrease in polar lipids was accompanied by a marked accumulation of triglycerides without a pronounced change in free cholesterol. In contrast, a similar IFN treatment of adult mice did not change the content of liver phospholipids, although there was an increase in liver triglycerides. In suckling mice, after 10 days of IFN administration there was a marked decrease in the incorporation of 1(3)-[3H]glycerol into liver phospholipids, which was not observed in IFN-treated adult mice. Our findings suggest that IFN treatment results in the inhibition of some component of the system of phospholipid biosynthesis during the maturation of hepatocytes in suckling mice.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

[Pneumologic emergency conditions in geriatrics. With special reference to risk factors].

Acute respiratory failure is a common life-threatening condition in old age. Structural alterations, progressive loss of lung functional reserves and weakening of pulmonary defense mechanisms are the main factors responsible. The aging lung itself contributes only little to the increased risk, but if combined with chronic lung disease, such as bronchitis, asthma, fibrosis, tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, severe deterioration of lung function may occur. In many cases, respiratory failure results from an accumulation of the following factors: aging lung, chronic lung disease, cor pulmonale, acute complication. Today, chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) is one of the most important conditions leading to ventilatory failure in the elderly. Carcinoma of the lung and other manifestations of malignant diseases may also be important. Treatment of the acute respiratory failure in the elderly must include three components: 1. treatment of the acute complication triggering the crisis, 2. treatment of the underlying chronic disease, 3. treatment of concomitant extrapulmonary diseases. After recovery, special attention must be directed towards preventing repeated respiratory failure.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Cutaneous and pulmonary reactivity in cholinergic urticaria.

Cutaneous and pulmonary reactions to mediators of inflammation were studied in twenty-one patients with cholinergic urticaria, in twenty patients with other types of urticaria, and in seventeen healthy controls. Compared with controls and patients with moderate disease, patients severely affected by cholinergic urticaria or other types of urticaria developed larger weals at sites of injection with histamine (9 X 10(-7) M), but not with compound 48/80 (0.1%), acetylcholine (7 X 10(-5) M), kallikrein (4 X 10(-10) M). On bronchial challenge with acetylcholine (7 X 10(-5) M), pulmonary resistance increased markedly only in severely affected cholinergic urticaria patients. There was no correlation between cutaneous and pulmonary reactivity in individual subjects. Patients with cholinergic urticaria therefore demonstrate features of heightened skin reactivity (shared by patients with other urticarias) and an increased bronchial reactivity (as found in latent asthmatics).

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1983

Inhibitory effect of glucose on the maturation of rat liver mitochondria at birth. Phospholipid and oxidative metabolism.

(1) The rate of ATP synthesis coupled with succinate oxidation in rat liver mitochondria is low at birth and increases rapidly during the first postnatal hours (Nakazawa, T., Asami, K., Suzuki, H. and Yakawa, O. (1973) J. Biochem. 73, 397-406). A glucose injection given to newborn rats immediately after birth seemed to delay this maturation process. (2) Glucose administration specifically diminished the rate of 32Pi incorporation into phosphatidylcholine both in microsomes and in mitochondria while other phospholipids remained unaffected. (3) In newborn rat liver, 32Pi incorporation into phospholipids can be explained by de novo synthesis of phospholipids in microsomes followed by transfer to mitochondria with two exceptions phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin. Indeed, after a 20-min incorporation of 32Pi into phospholipids, the specific radioactivity of phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin was higher in mitochondria than in microsomes. (4) As far as phospholipid synthesis is concerned, no precursor-product relationship could be observed between light and heavy mitochondria.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The pTNM classification of carcinomas of the lung, and its prognostic significance.

In a group of 229 patients with carcinoma of the lung, who were subjected to resection of the tumor during the period January, 1, 1967 to December 31, 1978 at the Surgical Department of the University Hospital at Erlangen, the prognostic significance of the histological type of cancer, and the pTNM classification and stage grouping in the AJC and the UICC classification systems was investigated. Of all the individual prognostic factors, the size of the tumor and the metastatic involvement of the lymph nodes seem to be of the greatest value. These 2 factors, combined in the stage grouping of the AJC and UICC classification systems, provide unequivocal information on the prognosis. The more differentiated subdivisioning of the UICC stage I into la (without lymphatic involvement), and lb (with lymphatic involvement) adds valuable information for the anatomical extension of the tumor at the time of diagnosis or resection, represents the determinative factor for the future fate of the patient. Of the histological types, the epidermoid carcinoma is associated with the most favorable prognosis, but no statistically significant differences are observed among the non-small-cell carcinomas. The poorest prognosis is associated with small-cell anaplastic carcinoma, the difference vis-a-vis the other main types being statistically significant.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

[Possibilities of pancreas transplantation].

The prognosis of patients with juvenile onset diabetes which require dialysis is poor, even if blood glucose is kept in the normal range by administration of exogenous insulin in standard techniques. Animal experiments have shown, that late complications of diabetes can be prevented by transplantation of pancreatic tissue. This is why pancreas transplantation is discussed for the application in humans. Allogenic islet transplants could not show long-term function. At the present time the transplantation of segmental grafts seems to be the method of choice, especially when combined with a new technique of occluding the ductal system. This technique could be shown to prevent the early complications related to the exocrine part of the graft. Up to the end of Oct. 1980 there have been 15 living recipients, 4 of them with grafts functioning longer than one year.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗