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Biomedical subjects

R Mhaskar

Publications and source records attributed to R Mhaskar.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Low maternal vitamin B12 status is associated with intrauterine growth retardation in urban South Indians.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the maternal sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary and micronutrient status in apparently healthy pregnant women in order to determine their associations with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Bangalore City, India. SUBJECTS: A total of 478 women were recruited at 12.9+/-3.3 weeks of gestation and followed up at the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy and at delivery. The dropout rate was 8.5%. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Birth weight was measured at hospital delivery. RESULTS: The mean birth weight was 2.85+/-0.45 kg. In all, 28.6% of newborns were IUGR. There was a strong inverse relationship between maternal educational level and risk of IUGR. A low body weight at baseline was also associated with a high risk of IUGR. Compared with women in the highest quartile for second trimester weight gain, those in the lowest quartile had a significantly higher adjusted odds ratio (AOR: 3.98; 95% CI: 1.83, 8.65) for IUGR. Women in the lowest tertile for serum vitamin B(12) concentration during each of the three trimesters of pregnancy had significantly higher risk of IUGR (AOR: 5.98, 9.28 and 2.81 for trimesters 1-3, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates associations between educational status, maternal weight and gestational weight gain with IUGR. Importantly, in a subsample, there were strong associations of vitamin B(12) status with IUGR, suggesting that better socioeconomic conditions, improved nutritional status and early detection of vitamin B(12) deficiency in pregnancy combined with appropriate interventions are likely to play an important role in reducing IUGR.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Anthropometry and body composition of south Indian babies at birth.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the consequences on body composition of increasing birth weight in Indian babies in relation to reported values in Western babies, and to assess the relationship between maternal and neonatal anthropometry and body composition. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Bangalore City, India. SUBJECTS: A total of 712 women were recruited at 12.5+/-3.1 weeks of gestation (mean+/-standard deviation, SD) and followed up until delivery; 14.5% were lost to follow-up. Maternal body weight, height, mid upper-arm circumference and skinfold thicknesses were measured at recruitment. Weight and body composition of the baby (skinfold thicknesses, mid upper-arm circumference, derived arm fat index and arm muscle index; AFI and AMI, respectively) were measured at birth in hospital. RESULTS: The mean+/-SD birth weight of all newborns was 2.80+/-0.44 kg. Birth weight was significantly related to the triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness of the baby. In a small number of babies with large birth weight for gestational age, there was a relatively higher normalised AFI relative to AMI than for babies with lower or appropriate birth weight for gestational age. Maternal height and fat-free mass were significantly associated with the baby's length at birth. CONCLUSIONS: Skinfold thicknesses in Indian babies were similar to those reported in a Western population with comparable birth weights, and the relationship of AFI to birth weight appeared to be steeper in Indian babies. Thus, measures to increase birth weight in Indian babies should take into account possible adverse consequences on body composition. There were no significant relationships between maternal anthropometry and body composition at birth on multivariate analysis, except for sum of the baby's skinfold thicknesses and maternal fat-free mass (P<0.02).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

The relationship of neonatal serum vitamin B12 status with birth weight.

Earlier studies have shown a relationship between maternal vitamin B12 status and birth weight. This study extends those findings directly in terms of neonatal vitamin B12 status and birth weight. One hundred and twelve women were followed from the first trimester of pregnancy and maternal blood was obtained in all three trimesters along with cord blood at birth of their neonates. The maternal and cord serum vitamin B12 concentrations were examined in relation to birth weight. There was a significant correlation between vitamin B12 concentration in maternal antenatal serum during each of the trimesters of pregnancy and cord serum (all P< 0.01). Neonates that were born with lower birth weights (categories of <2500 g and 2500-2999g) had significantly lower mean cord serum vitamin B12 concentrations when compared to those who were > or = 3000g (P = 0.02 and P = 0.05 respectively). A similar, however, non significant trend was observed for antenatal vitamin B12 concentrations at first and third trimesters. Cord serum vitamin B12 concentrations were significantly correlated with birth weight, up to 40 weeks of pregnancy (r=0.28, P=0.01) but not beyond that (> or =40 weeks gestation). Vitamin B12 status in the mother was related to neonatal vitamin B12 status as measured by cord serum vitamin B12 concentration. In addition, low neonatal vitamin B12 concentrations were adversely associated with low birth weights.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Amniotic membrane for cervical reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of amniotic membrane grafts in cases of vaginal and cervical agenesis. METHODS: Five girls with complete cervical and vaginal agenesis underwent cervicoplasty and vaginoplasty using amniotic membrane grafts. RESULT: Excellent epithelization and patency of cervix and vagina was achieved in all cases. CONCLUSION: Amniotic membrane may be used as an allograft in cervical reconstruction. It is inexpensive, readily available, of low antigenicity and does not necessitate repeated cervical dilatation. The performance of the reconstructed cervix during labor is yet to be observed. To the author's knowledge, this is the first series reported in the literature in which amniotic membrane was used for cervical reconstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Factor XIII deficiency: a rare cause of repeated abortions.

Factor XIII deficiency is a rare cause of early abortion. The obstetrical outcome of four pregnancies in two women with factor XIII deficiency is reported. Both women were treated with substitution therapy using locally-prepared cryoprecipitate. The outcome in these two women demonstrated the need for substitution therapy in early pregnancy leading to an increased chance of obstetrical success.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2003

Trophoblastic hyperthyroidism.

Hyperthyroidism can occur secondary to gestational trophoblastic disease. The clinical and biochemical data of four women who had hyperthyroidism secondary to gestational trophoblastic disease was analyzed. The parity ranged from primi to gravida four and the period of amenorrhoea from six weeks to sixteen weeks. Three women had vomiting, two had bleeding per vaginum and two had tachycardia and minimal thyromegaly. The betahCG was more than 5,00,000 mlu/ml in all the cases. Three women required treatment for the hypermetabolic status and one woman had biochemical hyperthyroidism. Two of them had molar pregnancy, one had partial mole and one had persistent trophoblastic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Methemoglobinemia following chromopertubation in treated pelvic tuberculosis.

Methylene blue administered through cervix is used to check tubal patency at laparoscopy. Although methylene blue is used to treat methemoglobinemia it can also produce methemoglobinemia in susceptible individuals. A case of methemoglobinemia induced by methylene blue in a patient with treated pelvic tuberculosis is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Fetal foot length--a new parameter for assessment of gestational age.

Ultrasonographic measurement of fetal foot length, a new parameter, was correlated with the gestation age. One hundred and five ultrasonographic measurement of fetal foot length was performed between 13 and 42 weeks gestation. Comparison of linear regression of foot length versus gestational age demonstrated a strong correlation with an r2 value of 0.84 (P less than 0.001). Ninety-five percent confidence intervals at each week compared favorably with both biparietal diameter and femur length data. Mean foot lengths at each week of gestation compared favorably with data based on pathological specimens described in 1920 (Streeter GL: Weight, sitting height, head size, foot length and menstrual age of the human embryo. Contrib Embryol Carnegie Inst. 11: 143, 1920). Measurement of fetal foot length is of particular use when other parameters do not accurately predict gestational age, e.g. hydrocephalus, anencephaly, short limb dysplasia. It can also be used in conjunction with biparietal diameter and femur length in the management of patients with premature labor in order to patients with premature labor in order to accurately predict gestational age. Hence the present study demonstrates that the ultrasonographic measurement of foot length is a reliable indicator of gestational age.

Embryonic and Fetal Development↗