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R Mittal

Publications and source records attributed to R Mittal.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Human papillomavirus type 16 expression in cervical keratinocytes: role of progesterone and glucocorticoid hormones.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of the steroid hormones, progesterone and glucocorticoids, and the viral hormone response elements, in the episomal expression of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 in primary human ectocervical cells. METHODS: In situ hybridization and mutagenesis were used to assess the requirements of these hormones and the HPV 16 glucocorticoid/progesterone response elements in the induction of HPV 16 expression in ectocervical cells. RESULTS: The assays detected a marked increase in viral messenger RNA only after treatment of the cells with either of the steroid hormones. This response was inhibited by the anti-progestin RU 486 in a concentration-dependent manner. Mutagenesis of the previously identified hormone response element in the regulatory region of the HPV 16 genome had no effect on hormone-induced HPV gene expression. We have now identified two additional hormone response elements. Different combinations of mutations in the three hormone response elements showed that all three were independently sufficient for the hormone-mediated induction of viral transcription. CONCLUSIONS: Steroid hormones induce HPV 16 gene expression in cervical keratinocytes directly through three hormone response elements in the regulatory region of the viral genome. The anti-progestin RU 486 inhibits this induction. Because the physical state of HPV DNA in this in vitro system and in premalignant cervical lesions is extrachromosomal, steroid hormones may have a critical role in modulating HPV expression in such lesions.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1992

Physical and sexual growth pattern of affluent Indian children from 5 to 18 years of age.

The present study was conducted to study growth parameters on 12,899 boys and 9,951 girls of affluent class from 8 States of the country. In pooled data, the 50th centile height approached 30-40th centile till 6 1/2 years in boys and up to 10 years in girls, and ultimately the height growth curves for both fell between the 10-20th centile of NCHS standards. Similarly, for weight, they approached 10-20th centile of NCHS at the age of 17 yr. Comparison with other European countries showed that Indian affluents are shorter and lighter; however, they are similar to their counterparts of Asian origin. The secular trend for height in Delhi showed increase of 2.1 cm for boys, and 2.7 cm for girls per decade at 17 yr and 14 yr, respectively. In Varanasi, the corresponding trend was 1.5 and 2.1 cm at 16 yr for boys and girls, respectively. The mean ages for genital development stages G 2-5 were 11.9, 13.3, 14.6 and 15.9 yr; respectively. In girls, the breast development Stages B 2-5 had mean ages of 10.9, 12.8, 13.9 and 14.8 yr, respectively. The mean age for menarche was 12.6 yr. In 14 yr old boys, the mean height may vary between 150.3, 155.8, 161.2 and 165.2 cm and mean weight between 38.0, 42.5, 46.8 and 52.9 kg for genital stages G 2-5, respectively. Similarly, girls of 12.5 yr (close to menarcheal age of 12.6 yr) had mean height 145.3, 150.3, 152.1 and 153.8 cm and mean weight 34.7, 41.2, 45.4 and 54.4 kg for breast stages B 2-5, respectively. It is recommended that for growth assessment during adolescence these charts in relation to sexual development and age be used for comparison.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Altered hemolysin production in urine-grown uroisolates of Escherichia coli.

Fifteen uroisolates of E. coli were studied for both cell-free and cell-bound hemolysin production. Estimations were done in Trypticase soy broth (TSB, providing iron-replete medium) TSB + 2,2'-bipyridine (providing experimentally created iron-depleted conditions) and pooled normal human urine (providing natural iron-depleted growth medium). In TSB 40% of strains showed no detectable cell-free hemolysin, they were able to produce it in the presence of 2,2'-bipyridine and more so when grown in urine. The cell-bound hemolysin was produced by all the strains in TSB, but in the presence of 2,2'-bipyridine and urine an insignificant increase was observed. All the strains when given 2nd and 3rd passage in urine, were found to elaborate significantly more cell-free as well as cell-bound hemolysin.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1991

Enhanced siderophore production and mouse kidney pathogenicity in Escherichia coli grown in urine.

Fifteen siderophore producing urinary isolates of Escherichia coli were compared for aerobactin and enterochelin production in trypticase soy broth and pooled normal human urine. Significant increase in siderophore production (both phenolate and hydroxamate) was observed when organisms were grown in urine. Mouse kidney pathogenic potential of the strains grown in urine was compared with that of bacteria grown in trypticase soy broth in an ascending model of pyelonephritis in female Swiss Webster mice. Organisms grown in urine and instilled into a mouse bladder demonstrated markedly enhanced renal pathogenicity (p less than 0.01). Further information about the influence of urinary constituents on siderophore production could help in understanding the pathogenesis of pyelonephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Degrees of cooperativity between triiodothyronine and hydrocortisone in their regulation of the expression of myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein during brain development.

Cultures of cells dissociated from embryonic mouse cerebra were used to demonstrate: (1) that the developmental expression of the mRNA of proteolipid protein is dependent on thyroid hormone; (2) that the expression of the mRNA of proteolipid protein is stimulated not only by triiodothyronine but also by hydrocortisone, which achieve their respective stimulations by an additive and uncompetitive mechanism; (3) the stimulation of the net accumulation of the mRNA of myelin basic protein by hydrocortisone and triiodothyronine is also cooperative, additive, and uncompetitive, and (4) the stimulation of the net accumulation of myelin basic protein, during development by hydrocortisone, is completely dependent on the presence of thyroid hormone. These results suggest that the regulation of the synthesis of myelin basic protein by hydrocortisone requires the presence of triiodothyronine at a posttranscriptional event, but not for transcription itself.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Patterns of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in hemophilia.

Peptic ulcer has been reported to be the cause of bleeding in 53%-85% of hemophiliacs with gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH). The management of GIH in hemophiliacs during the past decade has been affected by the availability of plasma concentrates, an increasing occurrence of chronic liver disease, and widespread use of endoscopic procedures. To determine the present patterns of GIH, we reviewed our experience at the Hemophilia Center of Western Pennsylvania during the last 10 yr. Twenty-five (10.3%) of 243 hemophiliacs experienced 41 episodes of GIH. The severity of hemophilia and a history of retroperitoneal hemorrhage were significant risk factors for GIH. Duodenal ulcer (22%), unknown site (22%), and gastritis (14%) were the three most common diagnoses. The use of fiberoptic endoscopy resulted in the recognition of diagnoses such as gastritis, esophagitis, Mallory--Weiss syndrome, and esophageal varices. Red cell transfusion requirements of hemophiliacs with GIH were no different than those of nonhemophiliacs with GIH (p greater than 0.05). The amount of factor VIII replacement used by hemophiliacs with GIH correlated with the severity of gastrointestinal bleeding (p less than 0.01), but not with the cause of gastrointestinal bleeding (p greater than 0.05). In conclusion, hemophiliacs develop GIH secondary to a variety of causes as do nonhemophiliacs. Fiberoptic endoscopy, after correction of factor VIII level to 0.40 U/ml, is a safe and valuable diagnostic procedure in hemophiliacs. The specific etiology of GIH in hemophiliacs should be aggressively sought and appropriate specific therapy provided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Scleromyxedema.

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Glycosaminoglycans↗