Typical CT findings of pneumatosis intestinalis and portal venous air in intestinal necrosis.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
R Moisidou
Publications and source records attributed to R Moisidou.
Contrast-enhanced sonographic detection of vesicoureteral reflux in children: comparison with voiding cystourethrography.
PURPOSE: Prospective evaluation of contrast-enhanced sonography (CES) as an alternative to radiographic voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in the detection of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-six children (age range: 0 - 9 years, mean age 1.4 years) with suspicion of VUR due to various indications were examined by contrast-enhanced sonography (CES) and VCUG. CES examination was performed after instillation of Levovist into the catheterized urinary bladder, which had been prefilled with normal saline. Reflux was diagnosed when hyperechogenic microbubbles were observed in the renal units. Thereafter, VCUG was performed in all patients through the same catheter. CES findings were compared to the results of VCUG. RESULTS: CES showed VUR in 24 renal units whereas VCUG showed reflux in 18 renal units. With regard to the presence of VUR, the findings obtained by both methods were concordant in 17 renal units. Taking VCUG as the reference standard, the sensitivity of CES was 96 %, the specificity was 94.8 %, the positive predictive value 77.4 % and the negative predictive value 99.2 %. Additionally, McNemar test showed that CES detected a statistically significant higher number of renal units with VUR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is suggested that CES is an accurate and reliable imaging modality for the detection of VUR, although it cannot replace VCUG in some cases. In addition, CES can be recommended in the follow-up of VUR, reducing the number of radiographic investigations.
Age Factors↗
Varicocele in schoolboys.
This study was conducted to examine the effect of height and weight on the incidence of varicocele in schoolboys aged 5-16 years and the impact of varicocele on testicular size. Genital stage, height, weight, varicocele grade, and testicular size were recorded for 3047 school boys who were clinically examined while standing by a specialist in urology. Left varicocele was detected in 98 of the boys who were all aged 9-16 years. The mean weight of boys with and without varicocele was 42 kg (95% confidence interval [CI] 40-44 kg) and 47 (95% CI 47-47 kg), respectively (p =.00). There was no difference in mean height between the two groups nor in left and right testicular volume. Although 6 boys with varicocele had a left testicular volume > or =2 mL less than right, there were also 7 boys of comparable age who had a left testicular volume > or =2 mL larger than right. The incidence of varicocele in Greek adolescents is low. Boys with varicocele weighed significantly less but there were no significant differences in height or left versus right testicular volumes. In the light of these observations, the use of left testicular hypotrophy (> or =2 mL compared with the right testicle) should be reconsidered as an indicator for varicocele-induced damage of the testicle in this age group.
Adolescent↗