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Biomedical subjects

R Muir

Publications and source records attributed to R Muir.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Injury prevention in Scotland--the case for a national strategy.

In children and young adults, injury overshadows other causes of death and is a major contributor to acute and long-term disability. Yet injury is more amenable to prevention than most other causes of ill health. The purpose of this paper is to present the case for the development and implementation of a national injury prevention strategy for Scotland. Systematic reviews of the evidence have identified a series of specific interventions that have been shown to reduce injury incidence, mortality or morbidity. Research suggests that over half of all traumatic deaths are avoidable in children. In addition to the responsibilities of individuals, parents, carers, schools and employers to prevent or to reduce the probability of injury, responsibility for injury prevention and the protection of the public from injury hazards lies with a range of national and local agencies in the UK. These vary across the country and are unco-ordinated. To reduce the number of deaths and disorders resulting from injury, and the costs associated with treating and caring for injured people and their families, we contend that the most pressing current need is to develop a national strategy for Scotland.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Heat-loss response to a thermal challenge in seasonal affective disorder.

This study extends earlier findings of poorly facilitated postexercise heat loss during the winter in seasonal affective disorder (SAD). While depressed in the winter, 19 SAD subjects exhibited a significantly impaired postexercise heat loss relative to 10 control subjects. During the summer while euthymic, SAD subjects did not significantly differ from control subjects in postexercise heat loss. Since thermoregulatory heat loss is a highly dopamine-dependent process, these results support earlier findings of poorly facilitated dopamine availability in SAD during the winter and suggest a centrally mediated effect of light in SAD.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Seasonal independence of low prolactin concentration and high spontaneous eye blink rates in unipolar and bipolar II seasonal affective disorder.

Twenty-four subjects with seasonal affective disorder (SAD: bipolar II, n = 14; unipolar, n = 10) and 20 normal controls were assessed for early follicular basal serum prolactin (PRL) concentration in winter and summer. Luteal basal PRL concentration was assessed in winter. The PRL values represented the mean of three values derived during a 45-minute period. A subset of 17 subjects with SAD and 11 controls were also assessed for spontaneous eye blinking via a polygraphic recording in winter and summer. In winter, compared with controls, subjects with SAD were characterized by significantly lower follicular (10.1 vs 4.5 micrograms/L, respectively) and luteal (14.4 vs 7.4 micrograms/L, respectively) PRL values and by significantly higher eye blink rates (30 vs 61 blinks per 3 minutes, respectively). In summer, controls and subjects with SAD showed similar significant differences in follicular PRL values (9.3 vs 3.9 micrograms/L, respectively) and eye blink rates (25 vs 67 blinks per 3 minutes, respectively). No significant differences in PRL values or eye blink rates were found between the bipolar II and unipolar forms of SAD in either season. Results were discussed in terms of dopamine functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The changeling myth and the pre-psychology of parenting.

Most European cultures, especially in rural areas, and until recently, routinely used ritual magic procedures to protect new-born children and their mothers from fairies, demons, and other supernatural beings. There seemed general recognition that this was a hazardous period for mother and child even if the dangers were seen as external, rather than internal (Hastings, 1910; Krappe, 1930). In this paper, several of these legends will be recounted, which illustrate a number of recurring themes which are of considerable interest to the student of human development. It is proposed that the changeling legend explained, by attribution to supernatural forces, such pathological developmental problems as early failure of attachment, rejection, projective and identificatory problems, and or course, the developmental process in which many of these issues are subsumed, the separation-individuation process (Mahler et al., 1975). A case is presented which illustrates important elements of the legend and an attempt is made to show how the legends may be understood in the light of developmental theory.

Folklore↗
PubMed1975

The family and the problem of internalization.

This paper is an attempt to integrate concepts derived from family therapy with psychoanalytic concepts. In particular, the nature and process of internalization is scrutinized in the light of family-role functioning.

Adolescent↗