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Biomedical subjects

R N Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to R N Andersen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Clinical findings and hormonal responses in patients with polycystic ovarian disease with normal versus elevated LH levels.

The clinical features, ovarian pathology, and hormonal responses to dexamethasone (Dex), Dex + ethinyl estradiol (EE), and Dex + hCG were compared in 5 women with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) who have normal 24-hr urinary luteinizing hormone (LH levels to 5 who had elevated urinary LH levels. No differences were noted in the clinical features. There was no correlation between ovary size and LH levels. Three in the normal-LH group had hyperthecosis. Plasma androstenedione (A) was more frequently elevated in the high-LH group. Dex + EE markedly increased LH secretion in the high-LH group, suggesting increased responsiveness of the positive feedback control mechanism of LH secretion in the high-LH group. There was a greater response of A, testosterone (T), and 17-ketosteroids to Dex + hCG in the normal-LH group. Those with high-LH levels did not exhibit a significant increase in A, T, and 17-KS with hCG. The limitations and usefulness of the Dex + hCG test are discussed. The hypothesis is advanced that the increased LH secretion in the high-LH group is due at least in part to positive feedback resulting from the increased A levels. The amount of 17beta-oxidoreductase activity in the ovary may influence LH secretion in PCOD.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1976

Effects of norgestrel and metyrapone on pituitary-adrenal-ovarian function.

To assess the effects of d-norgestrel on pituitary-adrenal-ovarian function, basal levels and responses to metyrapone of urinary 17-ketogenic steroids (17-KGS) and 17-ketosteroids (17-KS), plasma cortisol (F), plasma delta4-androstenedione (A), plasma testosterone (T), plasma estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2), plasma and urinary LH and FSH were determined in 10 normal women before and while taking d-norgestrel 1 mg/day. Cortisol secretion rate (CSR) and binding capacities of cortisol binding globulin (CBG) and testosterone-estradiol binding globulin (TeBG) were also measured. Norgestrel did not significantly alter 17-KGS, 17-KS, F, LH, FSH, CSR, or the 17-KGS and 17-KS responses to metyrapone. Norgestrel reduced TeBG binding capacity but not CBG binding capacity. Norgestrel competitively inhibited the binding of dihydrotestosterone to TeBG under in vitro conditions. Levels of T, E2, and E1 were reduced by norgestrel. All measured hormone levels except FSH were increased following metyrapone prior to norgestrel administration. Norgestrel completely blocked the metyrapone-induced increases in LH and E2 and markedly reduced the E1 increase. Metyrapone reduced E2 during norgestrel treatment.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1975

Features of Turner's syndrome in women with polycystic ovaries.

Four women with phenotypic features of Turner's syndrome and with poly cystic ovaries (PCO) are describe. In addition to the phenotypic features, Case 1 had primary amenorrhea and small PCO, Case 2 had a 46, XX/45, X karyotype (lumphocytes), Case 3 had enlarged PCO which contained a decreased number of oocytes, and Case 4 had enlarged PCO and was short in statute. These cases support the concept of a relation between PCO and the X chromosome. Some PCO may represent an intermediate condition in a spectrum that extends from the streak gonad of Turners syndrome to the normal ovary. Evidience for X chromosome involvement in PCO is summarized. The concept is advanced that at least some cases of OCO may be due to X chromosomal factors causing an abnormal follicular appartus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Adrenal function in hirsutism I. Diurnal change and response of plasma androstenedione, testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, LH and FSH to dexamethasone and 1/2 unit of ACTH.

ACTH dependency of plasma androstenedione (A) and testosterone (T) was determined in normal and hirsute women by measuring the magnitude of change of A and T between the time of the cortisol (F) peak and F nadir in a diurnal study. There was a significant diurnal rhythm of A synchronous with F in both normal and hirsute women (P less than 0.01). Five of 12 hirsute women had a greater than normal diurnal swing of A (P less than 0.05), but only 2 of the 12 had a greater than normal diurnal swing of T. Responsiveness of A and T to 1/2 unit of intravenous ACTH was determined after dexamethasone 1 mg was given the night before. Plasma A and T were elevated in most of the hirsute women during acute ACTH suppression by dexamethasone, indicating ACTH-independent hypersecretion of androgens. Nine of 17 hirsute women had a greater than normal A response to ACTH (P less than 0.05). Those who had an exaggerated diurnal swing of A also had hyper-responsiveness of A secretion to ACTH. Only 2 hirsute women had an exaggerated T response to ACTH. Some T levels were decreased by ACTH. Seven of the 9 hiruste women who had an exaggerated A response to ACTH had a normal maximum F response, but a greater than normal 17-hydroxy-progesterone (17-OHP) response to ACTH with a high 17-OHP to F ratio, suggesting they have a mild but compensated reduction in 21-hydroxylase or 11beta-hydroxylase activity. Two women with hyper-responsiveness of A secretion had low F and 17-OHP responses to ACTH suggesting reduced C21 but intact C19 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-delta-5,-4 isomerase activity. These apparent reduced enzyme activity may not be congenital, but induced by an altered hormonal milieu such as an abnormal androgen-estrogen ratio. It is concluded that ACTH uniformly stimulated A secretion but not T secretion and that approximately 50% of the hirsute women had ACTH-dependent hypersecretion of A, but most of these also had concurrent ACTH-independent hypersecretion of androgens.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1975

A testosterone-secreting, gonadotropin-responsive pure thecoma and polycystic ovarian disease.

UNLABELLED: A 31-yr-old hirsute female with oligoamenorrhea since menarche had markedly elevated peripheral plasma testosterone (T) concentrations of 250-255 ng/100 ml (normal 20-60 ng/100 ml), which lacked a diurnal rhythm, were not suppressed by dexamethasone, were decreased by ACTH, and were massively increased to 2,530 ng/100 ml by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The binding capacity of T-binding globulin (TeBG) was 0.2 mug/100 ml (normal = 1.1-3.3 mug/100 ml). Plasma delta 4-androstenedione (A) was elevated at 374-681 ng/100 ml (normal = 90-135 ng/100 ml). Plasma estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) were normal. The endometrium was proliferative. A T-secreting tumor was suspected because the plasma T levels were higher than those observed in polycystic ovarian disease. Exploratory surgery revealed bilateral polycystic ovaries and a pure thecoma in the right ovary which was not visible on surface examination. The thecoma did not contain granulosa cells. Plasma T in the right ovarian vein, draining the tumor, was 28,200 ng/100 ml and in the left ovarian vein was 2,600 ng/100 ml. Plasma A was elevated in both ovarian veins: 11,170 ng/100 ml on the left and 8,360 ng/100 ml on the right. The thecoma contained 1.35 mug/g of T and only 0.014 mug/g and 0.007 mug/g of E2 and E1, respectively. Plasma A and T after bilateral oophorectomy and removal of the thecoma were normal at 184 ng/100 ml and 40 ng/100 ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: 1) This pure thecoma produced primarily T rather than E1 OR E2 and was gonadotropin-responsive. 2) A very high plasma androgen level in a female is an important clue to the presence of a tumor. A T-secreting tumor should be ssupected when the peripheral plasma T is over 250 ng/100 ml and when plasma T increases to over 1,000 ng/100 ml following hCG stimulation. 3) Tumors cannot be classified as estrogenic or androgenic on the basis of the character of the endometrium.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Polycystic ovarian disease, maturation arrest of spermiogenesis, and Klinefelter's syndrome in siblings of a family with familial hirsutism.

A family with hirsutism in five generations in which polycystic or bilaterally enlarged ovaries were documented in three different sibships of two generations is described. Two brothers of one of the women with polycystic ovaries had a low or low-normal plasma follicle-stimulating hormone level and one of these had oligospermia due to maturation arrest of spermiogenesis. A third brother had Klinefelter's syndrome. Other abnormal features in the family included precocious adrenarche, beardless males, eunuchoidism, and prepubertal grand mal seizures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1969

Morphological changes of Mycobacterium lepraemurium grown in cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages.

Studies were made on morphological changes of Mycobacterium lepraemurium grown in cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages. Two types of nonsolid or irregularly stained M. lepraemurium were observed. One type occurred in the growth phase of the organisms during the stage of preparation for bacillary multiplication. The nonsolid bacilli appeared as elongated organisms having pointed ends, isolated acid-fast dots, or faintly stained areas at the ends of the bacilli. It is possible that this irregularity in staining is due to a very gradual, versus an instantaneous, acquisition of acid-fast material during bacillary multiplication and maturation. Solid forms were again observed upon maturation. Nonsolid bacilli were also observed in macrophage cultures infected with autoclave-killed M. lepraemurium. Under these conditions there was an emergence of organisms which showed irregularly stained areas and various forms of deformity unaccompanied by elongation or multiplication. These irregularities were most probably due to the destructive process of digestion of bacillary protoplasm. The present study does not support the current hypothesis that all nonsolid acid-fast organisms are nonviable.

Animals↗