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Biomedical subjects

R N Carrera

Publications and source records attributed to R N Carrera.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Prediction of suicide in military medical facilities.

The scope of the suicide problem is briefly reviewed and the distinction between actuarial and clinical prediction is discussed. Three approaches to the process of clinical prediction are (1) use of multiple predictors; (2) use of objective rating scales, and (3) psychodynamic formulation of risk. These are discussed and specific suggestions are offered for incremental implementation in military medical facilities depending on availability of psychiatric resources. The major warning signs of suicidal behavior are outlined and recommendations offered for training of ward personnel.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Implosive therapy as a treatment for insomnia.

Previous research has suggested that insomnia is related positively to preoccupation with death. Introductory psychology students (N = 200) of both sexes who qualified as insomniacs were administered Implosive Therapy specifically targeted to fear of death, nonspecific Implosive Therapy, a relaxation procedure, or were assigned to a wait-control group. All three experimental treatments resulted in significant decreases in anxiety as measured by the Fear Survey Schedule II administered immediately after the experiment. The groups did not differ, however, before or after treatment on reported fear of death as measured by the Collett-Lester scale. On self-report measures collected 1 month after the experimental treatment, all groups, including the wait-control, showed a significant decrease in latency of sleep onset. Pairwise comparisons indicated that only the death implosion condition was significantly more effective than the wait-control. The finding was interpreted to mean that the death implosion produced a decrease in insomnia beyond the strong expectancy effects that resulted from all experimental treatments. The failure to observe changes in reported fear of death was attributed to Ss' anxiety-based reluctance to acknowledge openly such fear.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1979

Levels of adjustment, depression and attitudes toward death among good and poor sleepers.

Administered the MMPI, Self Rating Depression Scale, and a survey of attitudes toward death to 20 males and 16 females designated as good sleepers and 24 males and 25 females designated as poor sleepers. Compared with good sleepers, poor sleepers scored in a more pathological direction on 11 of the 13 MMPI scales and on the Self Rating Depression Scale. Poor sleepers also reveal a significantly greater preoccupation with death although, paradoxically, they do not admit to fear of their own death. Results confirm previously reported personality differences between good and poor sleepers. No association was found between sex and quality of sleep.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1978

The effect of group implosive therapy on snake phobias.

Snake phobic Ss in groups of 10 were presented with a verbal fantasy similar to those used in individual Implosive Therapy (IT) in order to explore the adaptability of the procedure to group use. A single 25-minute implosive presentation of the same material on audio tape was effective in reducing snake phobias in about the same percentage of Ss as individual IT. It was concluded that IT can be adapted to group use, but that care should be taken to ensure an opportunity for extinction to occur through repeated presentation of the fantasy material.

Animals↗