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Biomedical subjects

R N Prasad

Publications and source records attributed to R N Prasad.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Reactive oxygen species generation by Kupffer cells and blood monocytes of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei and the chloroquine treatment.

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by blood monocytes and Kupffer cells of normal and Plasmodium berghei infected mice treated at different levels of parasitaemia with chloroquine, were studied. Cells isolated at lower level of parasitaemia (less than 2%) produced ROS within the range of normal animals, whereas ROS production by the cells isolated from the animals at higher level of parasitaemia (greater than 20%), was significantly higher even without stimulation with latex particles. The ROS generation capacity of both normal and infected animals was less after the chloroquine treatment. This inhibitory effect of chloroquine may be beneficial in protecting the host from the adverse effect of reactive oxygen species by controlling their overproduction.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparative metabolic effects of three types of combined oral contraceptive pills in Chinese women.

The results of a prospective longitudinal controlled study comparing some metabolic effects of a low-dose levonorgestrel-ethinyl oestradiol combined oral contraceptive (Microgynon 30), a desogestrel-ethinyl oestradiol-containing pill (Marvelon) and a levonorgestrel-ethinyl oestradiol triphasic preparation (Triquilar) after one year of treatment in ethnic Chinese women are presented. Serum cholesterol levels are similar for the three pills at 6 and 12 months of treatment. Marvelon and Triquilar users showed rises in triglyceride levels while Microgynon 30 users had no change after one year of treatment. Lipoprotein fractions showed favourable changes in Triquilar and Marvelon users with significant rise in HDL fractions at 6 and 12 months; Microgynon 30 users had equivocal changes in HDL fractions. Carbohydrate metabolism as reflected by glucose tolerance showed deterioration with all 3 pills, being least with Microgynon 30 and greatest with Marvelon at 12 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effects of three types of combined O.C. pills on blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet function.

The results of a prospective longitudinal controlled study comparing the coagulation effects of a standard low-dose combined oral contraceptive (Microgynon 30), a desogestrel-containing pill (Marvelon) and a triphasic preparation (Triquilar) after one year's treatment in ethnic Chinese women is presented in this paper. In general the changes in coagulation parameters are similar to those seen in Caucasian women. The rise in Factor VII levels seen at 6 and 12 months in Marvelon users was not present to a significant degree in the other pill users. Antithrombin III levels remained unchanged in Microgynon and Marvelon users but with Triquilar there was a significant fall at 6 and 12 months of use. Whether these differences have any clinical relevance in the local Chinese population with low incidence of thromboembolism remains to be seen.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1989

Preinduction cervical priming with PGE2 vaginal film in primigravidae--a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study.

Previous reports with an 850 micrograms prostaglandin E2 film for cervical ripening before induction of labour in term pregnancy have been favourable. These studies however had no controls. The present study compares this PGE2 vaginal film with a nonmedicated similar vaginal film (placebo) for preinduction cervical ripening in primigravid women at term. A total of 69 women with modified Bishop's cervical scores 1-5 were assigned randomly to either the PGE2 group (33 women) or placebo group (36 women). Cervical score assessments were made at 12 and 24 hours after which labour was induced by amniotomy and oxytocin infusion. Although the cervical scores between placebo and PGE2 groups at 12 and 24 hours were not significantly different, the scores were marginally better with the prostaglandin film. Pregnancy outcome was satisfactory in both groups with no perinatal or maternal mortality and morbidity. The caesarean rate was 30.6% in the placebo group and 24.2% in the PGE2 group. This study emphasizes the need for a control group when studying the success of agents used for ripening the pregnant cervix at term.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1989

Termination of early human pregnancy with RU 486 (mifepristone) and the prostaglandin analogue sulprostone: a multi-centre, randomized comparison between two treatment regimens.

A multi-centre, randomized trial was conducted to compare the efficacy and side-effects of two combination regimens of the antiprogestin RU 486 and the intramuscular PGE2 analogue sulprostone for termination of early pregnancy (amenorrhoea up to 49 days). Women in the 3-day group (n = 125) received 25 mg RU 486 twice daily for 3 days plus a single injection of 0.25 mg sulprostone in the morning of the third day of antiprogestin treatment. In the 4-day group (n = 126), RU 486 was given for 4 days and the sulprostone injection in the morning of the fourth day. Treatment outcome in the two groups was similar. Overall, 88.8% had a complete abortion, 6.8% an incomplete abortion and 2.4% were treatment failures; in the remaining 2% treatment outcome could not be determined. Only three of the six women with treatment failure still had detectable fetal heart activity when the pregnancy was terminated by vacuum aspiration two weeks after the start of treatment. Five of the 17 interventions for incomplete abortion were carried out as emergency procedures because of heavy bleeding; two of these five women were given a blood transfusion. The majority of the curettages (10/17) were performed in one centre. If the data from this centre and the women with undetermined treatment outcome were excluded, the rates for complete abortion, incomplete abortion and treatment failure in the remaining six centres were 93.6, 3.7 and 2.7%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1989

Spontaneous and quinine induced hypoglycaemia in severe falciparum malaria.

Four of 21 patients with cerebral malaria developed hypoglycaemia, defined as plasma glucose concentration below 40 mg/dl (2.2 mmol/l). Two patients had spontaneous hypoglycaemia at admission and the other two developed it subsequent to quinine therapy. All recovered with continuous intravenous glucose infusion. Spontaneous hypoglycaemia in malaria has not earlier been reported from India.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Fatal pancytopenia in falciparum malaria.

Various pernicious syndromes in Plasmodium falciparum infection are being reported with increasing frequency from tropical countries. A rare case of fatal pancytopenia associated with falciparum malaria is described. The patient developed fulminant aspiration bronchopneumonia which was unresponsive to antibiotic therapy and contributed to the development of adult respiratory distress syndrome. He also had severe uncontrolled gastrointestinal bleeding and possibly an intracerebral haemorrhage. Anaemia and thrombocytopenia are well known in malaria but severe leucopenia is very rare and pancytopenia has not been reported.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Cerebral malaria in pregnancy.

Three cases of cerebral malaria during pregnancy are described. One patient had intrauterine foetal death and died, one patient delivered a dead baby and the other had severe postpartum haemorrhage. Cerebral malaria worsens the outlook both for the mother and for the foetus.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Postcoital contraception with levonorgestrel during the peri-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle. Task Force on Post-ovulatory Methods for Fertility Regulation.

The contraceptive efficacy and side effects of postcoital levonorgestrel used repeatedly during the peri-ovulatory period of one cycle was examined in 259 women. All subjects were of proven fertility in their present union and had ovulatory cycles as assessed from pre-treatment BBT charts. The mean number of coital acts during the treatment cycle was 7.5 (SD:2.6) and the mean number of 0.75 mg levonorgestrel tablets taken during the peri-ovulatory period was 4.0 (SD:1.2). Two pregnancies, both considered to be method failures, occurred, giving a failure rate of 0.8% per treated cycle. Although the overall effect of levonorgestrel on menstrual cycle length was small and insignificant, menstrual cycle disturbances were not uncommon. Intermenstrual bleeding or spotting occurred in 8.5% of the treated cycles and 12.5% of the cycles were less than 20 or more than 35 days. Other side effects, mainly nausea, headache and dizziness, were reported by about 20% of the subjects but the apparent incidence of these complaints varied markedly between the nine participating centres from 0% to just over 50%. The data suggest that repeated postcoital use of levonorgestrel is probably not a viable approach to fertility regulation for the majority of women who have regular intercourse and wish to limit the number of their pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Effect of indomethacin on the injection-abortion interval of 15(S) 15 methyl PGF2 alpha-induced mid-trimester abortions--a randomized study.

There have been conflicting reports on the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the abortifacient effect of prostaglandins. The efficacy of intra-amniotic 1.5 mg 15(S) 15 methyl PGF2 alpha (15 me PGF2 alpha) in terminating mid-trimester pregnancy in 10 subjects has been compared with the effect of the same medication given to 10 others who had had indomethacin 25 mg and 50 mg orally three and one hour before the PG administration. In the subjects who had the PG analogue only the injection-abortion interval was 17.0 hours. This was significantly shorter (P less than 0.01) than in those who had also received indomethacin (25.4 hours).

Abortifacient Agents↗