[A case of central pontine myelinolysis with myoclonus and frontal sign].
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Cerebral Infarction↗
Biomedical subjects
R Nakano
Publications and source records attributed to R Nakano.
Epidermal growth factor binding sites in porcine granulosa cells and their regulation by follicle-stimulating hormone.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) modulates ovarian function, including folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis. We investigated the localization of EGF binding sites in the porcine ovary, and the effect of FSH on EGF binding to cultured granulosa cells. Autoradiographic study demonstrated that the binding sites for 125I-labeled mouse EGF in the porcine ovary were present in the granulosa and luteal cells, but not in the thecal cells. Porcine granulosa cells were collected by the needle aspiration method from small (1-2 mm) and medium-sized (3-5 mm) follicles. Scatchard analysis showed that a single class of the specific binding sites for EGF was present in the granulosa cells. The number of binding sites and the apparent dissociation constant were 5,540 binding sites/cell and 0.23 nM (medium-sized follicle), respectively. No significant difference was observed between small and medium-sized follicles. Granulosa cells were cultured for 48 h at 37 degrees C in medium alone or with increasing doses of ovine FSH (1-100 ng/ml). FSH treatment significantly increased EGF binding in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, it is suggested that the specific high affinity, low capacity binding sites for EGF are present in porcine granulosa cells, and that they are up-regulated by FSH.
Animals↗
Effects of estrogen, pituitary gonadotropins and prolactin on immunohistochemical localization of inhibin subunits in the ovary of hypophysectomized female rats.
Effects of estrogen, pituitary gonadotropins and prolactin on immunohistochemical localization of alpha- and beta A-subunits in the ovaries of hypophysectomized female rats were investigated. Hypophysectomy resulted in disappearance of immunoreactive inhibin subunits in the ovary. Administration of DES, FSH and LH to hypophysectomized rats provoked growth of follicles, and resulted in positive immunostaining for inhibin subunits in the granulosa cells. In contrast to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin administration failed to demonstrate positive staining for inhibin subunits in the ovary. The present in vivo results suggest that several hormones which are known to stimulate granulosa cell growth and maturation, such as estrogen, FSH and LH, enhance inhibin subunit production by the ovary. The morphologic aspect of inhibin subunit production by the ovary in response to several hormones has been demonstrated in the present study.
Animals↗
Gonadotropin receptors in human ovarian follicles and corpora lutea throughout the menstrual cycle.
To study changes in the binding of gonadotropins to human follicles and corpora lutea, we have examined the binding of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the human ovary throughout the menstrual cycle, by both quantitative binding assays and surface binding autoradiography. The specific high-affinity low-capacity receptors for hLH were demonstrated in both human follicles and corpora lutea. Binding of 125I-hFSH was identified in the granulosa cells, but not in the thecal cells of the preantral and antral follicles at various stages of follicular development. The binding of 125I-hLH to the thecal cells increased during follicular development, and a dramatic increase was preferentially observed in the granulosa cells of the preovulatory follicles. In the corpora lutea, the binding of 125I-hLH increased from the early luteal phase to the midluteal phase and decreased towards the late luteal phase. The results of the present study suggest that changes in the binding of gonadotropins in the ovarian target cells during the menstrual cycle might play an important role in the regulation of follicular and luteal function.
Autoradiography↗
Follicle-stimulating hormone induces functional receptors for basic fibroblast growth factor in rat granulosa cells.
In the present study we examined the existence of receptors for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and its regulation in rat granulosa cells. The binding of labeled bFGF to rat granulosa cells was dose-dependently displaced by unlabeled bFGF, but not other growth factors. FSH induced a dose-dependent increase in specific binding for bFGF to cultured rat granulosa cells. FSH treatment did not change the binding affinity (Kd, 2.8-3.0 x 10(-10) M) of the bFGF receptor, but increased the total number of bFGF-binding sites, whereas treatment with several steroid hormones had no effect on the specific binding of bFGF. Since cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, inhibited the increase in bFGF binding induced by FSH, it is suggested that protein synthesis might be involved in the FSH stimulation of bFGF receptor induction. Furthermore, bFGF stimulated tissue plasminogen activator activity in a dose-dependent manner, and FSH-primed granulosa cells were more responsive to bFGF action, with a decrease in the ED50 from 5.0 to 1.5 ng/ml. The antibody against human bFGF neutralized the stimulatory effect of bFGF on tissue plasminogen activator secretion. The present study suggests that FSH induces functional receptors for bFGF in granulosa cells and that bFGF may play a role in the process of differentiation under the influence of FSH.
Animals↗
Immunohistochemical localization of inhibin/activin subunits in human ovarian follicles during the menstrual cycle.
The immunohistochemical localization of the alpha-, beta A-, and beta B-subunits of inhibin was examined in human follicles during follicular growth. Immunoreactive staining with antisera against the alpha-, beta B-subunits was observed in follicular granulosa cells, whereas no staining for each inhibin subunit was observed in thecal or interstitial cells. In the preantral and small antral follicles, the granulosa cells exhibited positive immunoreactive staining with antisera against beta A- and beta B-subunits and negative immunostaining with antiserum against alpha-subunit. In medium-sized healthy antral follicles obtained during the midfollicular phase, positive immunostaining with antisera against alpha-, beta B-subunits was detected in the granulosa cells. In contrast, immunostaining for alpha-, beta A-, and beta B-subunits was not detected in the granulosa cells of similarly sized atretic follicles. The granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles revealed enhanced positive staining for the three inhibin subunits. The present findings suggest that immunoreactive inhibin subunits are present in the follicular granulosa cells during the menstrual cycle, and that the localization and intensity of immunostaining for each inhibin subunit might change during follicular development and maturation.
Activins↗
Secretion of matrix metalloproteinases in cultured stromal cells isolated from a giant cell tumor of bone.
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Bone Neoplasms↗
Immunohistochemical localization of inhibin/activin subunits in human placenta.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the cellular localization of each inhibin subunit in human placenta throughout pregnancy. METHOD: Placental tissues were collected and fixed in Bouin's solution, and studied with the immunohistochemical technique avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex. RESULTS: There was immunohistochemical staining with antisera against each inhibin subunit in the syncytiotrophoblast, but not in the cytotrophoblast. In the first-trimester placenta, positive immunostaining for alpha- and beta A-subunits was clearly observed in the syncytial layer of villi, whereas staining for beta B-subunit was faint. In the second-trimester placenta, the relative intensities of staining for alpha- and beta A-subunits were similar to those in the first-trimester placenta, and enhanced positive immunostaining with beta B-subunit antiserum was observed. The relative amount of immunostainable alpha-subunit declined within the syncytiotrophoblast of the third-trimester placenta, whereas levels of immunostainable beta-subunits were unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibin subunits may be produced in the syncytiotrophoblast throughout pregnancy, and activin as well as inhibin may be synthesized in the syncytiotrophoblast of the term placenta.
Activins↗
Immunohistochemical localization of myelin-associated glycoprotein isoforms during the development in the mouse brain.
The developmental changes in localization of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) isoforms in the mouse brain were demonstrated by an immunohistochemical method using antisera specific to two MAG isoforms. The antiserum to the large isoform of MAG (L-MAG) stained the myelin sheaths and the cytoplasm of oligodendroglia in the active myelinating stage in the mouse central nervous system. However, the antiserum to the small isoform of MAG (S-MAG) stained only myelin sheaths in the adult stage. These findings suggest that L-MAG plays an important role in active myelination.
Animals↗
Expression of the large myelin-associated glycoprotein isoform during the development in the mouse peripheral nervous system.
The developmental maximum expression of the large myelin-associated glycoprotein isoform (L-MAG) protein prior to that of the small myelin-associated glycoprotein isoform (S-MAG) in both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS, PNS) in mice was shown by immunoblotting techniques using specific antibodies to the L-MAG protein and the S-MAG protein. Both the L-MAG protein and the S-MAG protein were expressed earlier in the PNS than in the CNS, which reflects earlier myelination in the PNS. The peak of the L-MAG protein concentration was 8 days in the sciatic nerve and 15 days in the brainstem. The concentration of the S-MAG protein in the sciatic nerve reached a peak at 15 days, whereas in the brainstem it increased rapidly between 15 and 20 days and gradually thereafter. Thus, the preceding maximum expression of the L-MAG during active myelination in the PNS demonstrated here as well as in the CNS strongly suggests an important role for L-MAG in myelin formation.
Aging↗
Overproduction of adenovirus DNA polymerase and preterminal protein in HeLa cells.
Adenovirus (Ad) DNA polymerase (AdPol) and the preterminal protein (pTP) form a complex that is involved in the in vitro initiation of Ad DNA replication. Recombinant vaccinia viruses (vv) were constructed in which the genes encoding AdPol and pTP were cloned into a vaccinia/T7 hybrid expression-based vector downstream from the T7 promoter (pT7)/encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) 5'-untranslated region (UTR). HeLa cells infected with the recombinant vv-AdPol or vv-pTP or a mixture of both, together with the vv expressing T7 RNA polymerase produced significant levels of pTP and AdPol which were biologically active in the in vitro initiation of Ad DNA replication. These amounts of pTP and AdPol were only about two-fold less than the levels produced in insect cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus constructs expressing AdPol and pTP.
Adenoviruses, Human↗
Antibody to a zinc finger protein in a patient with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.
In some patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD), autoantibodies against neural components have been identified. Here, we demonstrate a major 58 kd protein antigen in an immunoblot of human cerebellum by serum from a patient with PCD. Immunohistochemically, the serum recognized neural cells especially Purkinje cells in a human brain. To identify the details of the target antigens for the antibody, we isolated a cDNA clone from a human cerebellar library. Homology searches revealed a similarity with the zinc finger proteins. PCD related proteins reported here may be important to maintain neural cells especially those in the cerebellum, and further studies on this molecule may help us elucidate the causes of degenerative or autoimmune diseases in the cerebellum.
Aged↗
Structure of mouse myelin-associated glycoprotein gene.
The mouse myelin-associated glycoprotein gene was isolated from a mouse gene library. This gene was split into 13 exons distributed about 15 kb in length. Each extracellular immunoglobulin-related domain was encoded by a single exon, and RNA splicing between those exons occurred between the first and second nucleotides of the junctional codon, the features of which are conserved in most of the genes of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The sequence of the 5'-flanking region appeared to have some regions homologous to other myelin proteins, which suggested that they were possible cis-elements for specific expression of oligodendrocytes.
Animals↗
Collagenase production by immortalized human aortic endothelial cells infected with simian virus 40.
Human aortic endothelial cells, isolated at autopsy from a 52-year-old male dying from lung cancer, were treated with simian virus 40 (SV40). One colony was isolated from the infected endothelial cell culture 4 weeks after infection. The cells expressed SV40 large T antigen and p53 protein (p53) in their nuclei but lacted the characteristics of a transformed phenotype. The cells grew well in a monolayer over the 97th passage and exhibited Factor VIII-related antigen, Ulex europaeus 1 agglutinin (UEA-1) as endothelial cell markers, and a well-developed fibronectin network. The amount of prostacyclin synthesized by the cells was less than the amount synthesized by normal aortic or umbilical cord vein endothelial cells. The cells produced relatively large amounts of procollagenase, and 12-o-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) augmented the ability of the cells to produce this enzyme. These immortalized human aortic endothelial cells, which have some characteristics of normal endothelial cells and, like capillary endothelial cells, have the ability to produce collagenase, will probably prove useful for studies of atherosclerosis and angiogenesis.
Animals↗
Synthesis of biologically active adenovirus preterminal protein in insect cells using a baculovirus vector.
A DNA fragment encoding the polyhedrin promoter of Autographa californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV strain) was constructed using overlapping oligodeoxyribonucleotides (oligos), which included the 5'-untranslated leader sequence of the polyhedrin-encoding gene. This DNA fragment was cloned into an intermediate transfer vector (pKX105) providing a unique BamHI site for the insertion of foreign genes. The Escherichia coli lacZ gene was first cloned at the BamHI site of pKX105 and the XhoI-KpnI fragment containing the lacZ gene was transferred to another plasmid vector (pEI) consisting of flanking AcMNPV sequences (pEI-lacZ). The E. coli beta-galactosidase that was produced in the infected insect cells using the recombinant virus constituted about 10% of the total cytoplasmic proteins. The pKX105 plasmid was also modified to give rise to pTT-lacZ which consisted of the lacZ gene under the control of the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat promoter to facilitate rapid screening of the baculoviral recombinants in which the gene of interest was cloned under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. The efficiency of these transfer vectors was verified by obtaining high levels of expression of the adenovirus(Ad)-encoded preterminal protein (pTP) which is involved as a protein primer in the initiation of Ad DNA replication. The baculovirus-produced pTP was immunoprecipitable using rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against a hydrophilic domain of pTP. The pTP protein was localized in the nucleus of the infected insect cells, and was biologically active in the in vitro Ad type 2 (Ad2) replication initiation assay.
Adenoviruses, Human↗
Immunohistochemical localization of inhibin subunits in human corpora lutea during menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
The cellular localization of the alpha-, beta A-, and beta B-subunits of inhibin was studied in human corpora lutea (CL) during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Immunohistochemical techniques using antisera selective for each subunit were used to localize the polypeptide chains. Immunoreactive staining with antisera against the alpha-, beta A-, and beta B-subunits was mainly observed in granulosa luteal cells (luteal cells), whereas thecal luteal cells were faintly stained with antibodies selective for each inhibin subunit. The intensity of immunostaining with alpha-subunit antiserum in luteal cells increased from the early luteal phase to the midluteal phase and subsequently decreased toward the late luteal phase. Inhibin alpha-subunit in the retrogressive CL was not detected. Not only was the immunolocalization of both beta A- and beta B-subunits detected in the luteal cells of the CL of the cycle, but the relative intensity of immunostaining with beta-subunit antiserum changed in a pattern similar to that shown by the alpha-subunit. The luteal cells and thecal luteal cells in the CL of pregnancy exhibited positive staining with antisera directed against each inhibin subunit. The present findings provide further evidence that 1) immunoreactive inhibin subunits are present in luteal cells in the CL of the menstrual cycle; 2) the detectable level of each subunit changes in parallel with the function of the CL over the course of the menstrual cycle; and 3) the CL of pregnancy might be involved in serum inhibin elevation early in gestation.
Adult↗
Prenatal diagnosis of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is a relatively rare congenital disease affecting the kidneys and liver. We noticed the kidney abnormality at 22 weeks gestation and observed the patient till the delivery at 36 weeks of gestation. The ultrasonographic features consisted of bilaterally enlarged hyperechogenic kidneys, oligohydramnios, lack of distention and difficulty in identifying the fetal urinary bladder. The serial sonographic features of the kidneys changed as pregnancy progressed. The kidney cysts gradually changed in size, shape and renal texture, but the umbilical velocimetry and the kidney circumference/abdominal circumference ratio did not change. Magnetic resonance imaging also showed similar characteristic features as observed by ultrasonography.
Adult↗
[Malignant mesenchymoma of the retroperitoneum: a case report].
This is a case report of a malignant mesenchymoma of the retroperitoneum. On December 1988, a 60-year-old man was hospitalized with complaints of painless and increasing swelling in the left side of the abdomen. The tumor was resected on March 1, 1989; tumor weight was 4,780 g. Histologically, the lesion contained liposarcomatous, chondrosarcomatous, fibrohistiocytic and fibrosarcomatous components. After the tumor resection, he received chemotherapy according to the CYVADIC regimen, and he has been doing well without any evidence of recurrence or metastasis.
Humans↗