[Case of glycogenosis III with marked fibrosis of the myocardium and cardiac failure].
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
R Nakaya
Publications and source records attributed to R Nakaya.
Type 1 pili enhance the invasion of Salmonella braenderup and Salmonella typhimurium to HeLa cells.
The relationship between type 1 pili-associated adhesion and invasion to HeLa cells by Salmonella braenderup and S. typhimurium was studied. When the clinical isolates of these strains were grown in L-broth, they showed both type 1 pili formation and mannose-sensitive adhesion to HeLa cells. On the other hand, the type 1 pili-defective mutants, which were obtained either by repeated subcultures on L-agar plates or by the transposon Tn1-insertion mutagenesis of the S. braenderup and S. typhimurium strains, concomitantly lost mannose-sensitive adhesion to HeLa cells. When the HeLa cells were incubated with Salmonella, the type 1 piliated strains invaded the HeLa cells with much higher infection rate than did the type 1 pili-defective strains. The invasion of type 1 piliated strains to HeLa cells was markedly inhibited in the presence of D-mannose. The infectivity of the strain, which lost type 1 pili but still had mannose-resistant adhesion, was slightly higher than that of the strains defective in both mannose-sensitive and mannose-resistant adhesion. These results suggested that type 1 pili have a role in enhancing the invasion of S. braenderup and S. typhimurium to HeLa cells.
Acute Disease↗
[In vitro antimicrobial activity of DR-3355, a new quinolone antibacterial agent, against clinical isolates of enteritis-causing bacteria].
We determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of DR-3355, a newly developed quinolone-derivative antibacterial agent, against clinical isolates of various bacterial species from enteritis patients, and compared them with those of ofloxacin (OFLX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), nalidixic acid (NA), ampicillin (ABPC), kanamycin (KM). MIC90 of DR-3355 against 94 strains of Shigella spp. and 5 strains of Escherichia coli, 36 strains of Salmonella spp., 22 strains of Vibrio cholerae, 5 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and 19 strains of Campylobacter jejuni were 0.05, 0.10, 0.0025, 0.39, and 0.78 micrograms/ml, respectively. These values were 1/2 of that of OFLX, and two times of that of CPFX. MIC90 of DR-3355, OFLX and CPFX against C. jejuni were 0.78 micrograms/ml. MIC90 of DR-3355 against isolates from enteritis patients except for Vibrio spp., were 1/30 to 1/60 of those of NA, ABPC, and KM.
Bacteria↗
[Lumbago as a presentation of B-cell lymphoma invading psoas muscle].
A 73-year-old male had severe lumbago and right inguinal lymphadenopathy. A CT scanning of his abdomen showed marked enlargement of right psoas and erector spinae muscles. The biopsies of the lymph node and the muscles revealed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of follicular mixed type with muscle invasion. THP-COPE therapy was begun. The swelling of the muscles diminished and the lumbago resolved rapidly. It was reported that clinically prominent infiltration of of lymphoma in skeletal muscle was rarely and psoas muscle was for the most part. We have to consider that psoas muscle invasion of lymphoma cause hard to cure lumbago.
Aged↗
[Effect of DQ-2556, a new cephalosporin derivative, on fecal microflora].
A new cephalosporin derivative antibacterial agent, DQ-2556, was administered intravenously to 4 healthy adult male volunteers at 2 grams per dosage 2 times a day for 5 days, and degrees of effects of drug concentrations on the fecal microflora were investigated. 1. The total viable count remained unchanged during the study period due to the minimal change in the number of members of the family Bacteroidaceae, which were the most dominant organisms. In one of the volunteers, however, the total count was remarkably reduced immediately after the end of administration of the drug. 2. Among the obligate anaerobes, most of the organisms decreased except members of the family Bacteroidaceae. A marked increase of lecithinase-positive clostridia was noted in 2 volunteers. 3. The number of aerobes, including facultative anaerobes, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were suppressed but bacilli and yeasts showed slight increases. In many cases, increases in enterococci were also observed. 4. DQ-2556 was not detected in the feces from any of the volunteers during the study period. 5. Neither Clostridium difficile nor its toxin D-1 was detected in any of the volunteers. 6. Diarrhoea or other side-effects were not noted in any of the volunteers.
Adult↗
The effect of levofloxacin, an optically-active isomer of ofloxacin, on fecal microflora in human volunteers.
Following oral administration of levofloxacin (LVFX, (S)-(-)-Ofloxacin; formerly designated as DR-3355) at 200 mg per dose 3 times a day for 7 days to 6 healthy male volunteers, degrees of disturbance of the fecal microflora and fecal drug concentrations were examined. The total viable count remained unchanged during the study period due to the minimal change in the number of members of the family Bacteroidaceae, the most predominant organisms. Most of the aerobes including facultative anaerobes were suppressed by LVFX with only a slight increase in yeasts. In particular, the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were reduced to below the detection limit on and after day 3 through the time of discontinuation of the drug in all subjects but one. Among the obligate anaerobes, peptostreptococci and bifidobacteria decreased or disappeared in some volunteers, but no significant changes were observed in other anaerobes. Neither Clostridium difficile nor its toxin D-1 was detected in any of the volunteers. No side effects attributable to the drug were observed. During administration, LVFX was detected in the feces at high concentrations which correlated well with the decrease of susceptible members of flora as well as to their detection rate.
Adult↗
The 106-kilobase plasmid of Salmonella braenderup and the 100-kilobase plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium are not necessary for the pathogenicity in experimental models.
Among 1.041 clinical isolates (77 serovars) of Salmonella which had been derived from cases with acute enterocolitis, 601 (58%) contained one or more plasmids. Large serovar-specific plasmids were seen in 95 of 307 isolates (31%) of Salmonella typhimurium, in 34 of 34 isolates (100%) of Salmonella enteritidis and in 36 of 38 isolates (94.7%) of Salmonella braenderup: the sizes of which were 100, 60 and 106 kilobases (kb), respectively. In order to determine the role of these plasmids in pathogenicity for enterocolitis, the plasmids were eliminated from some strains of S. braenderup and S. typhimurium and the pathogenicity of the plasmid-less strains was compared with that of the parent strains by invasiveness to HeLa cells, fluid accumulation in the rabbit ligated ileal loop, lesion of mucosal tissue and the Sereny test. The virulence of all the plasmid-less strains was as strong as that of the plasmid-bearing strains in these pathogenicity assay systems. We therefore concluded that the 106-kb plasmid of S. braenderup and the 100-kb plasmid of S. typhimurium are not necessary for their pathogenicity in the experimental models: invasiveness to HeLa cells, fluid accumulation in the rabbit ligated ileal loop, and Sereny test.
Animals↗
[In vitro antimicrobial activity of rokitamycin, a macrolide antibacterial agent, against clinically isolated strains of Campylobacter and other enteritis-causing bacteria].
We determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of rokitamycin (TMS-19-Q, RKM), a macrolide antimicrobial agent, against strains of various bacterial species isolated from enteritis patients, and compared them with those of josamycin (JM), erythromycin (EM) and ofloxacin (OFLX). MIC90 of RKM against 147 strains of Campylobacter jejuni, and each 25 strains of Shigella spp., Salmonella spp. and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were 1.56, 200, 800 and 200 micrograms/ml, respectively. There was only one RKM resistant (MIC greater than 100 micrograms/ml) C. jejuni strain, while most of the strains of the other species were resistant to RKM. MIC values of the other drugs were all similar to those of RKM. MIC90 of OFLX against 147 strains of C. jejuni was 0.78 micrograms/ml, lower than other drugs.
Campylobacter↗
A novel method in the induction of reliable experimental acute and chronic ulcerative colitis in mice.
Acute and chronic experimental ulcerative colitis models were produced in mice by providing them with drinking water containing synthetic dextran sulfate sodium. Mice that developed acute colitis showed signs of diarrhea, gross rectal bleeding, and weight loss within 6-10 days after ingesting 3%-10% dextran sulfate sodium. On postmortem examination, multiple erosions and inflammatory changes including crypt abscesses were found on the left side of the large intestine. Mice that developed chronic colitis showed signs of erosions, prominent regenerations of the colonic mucosa including dysplasia, shortening of the large intestine, and frequent formation of lymphoid follicles after 5 administration cycles, where each cycle was composed of 7 days' consumption of drinking water containing 5% dextran sulfate sodium followed by 10 days' consumption of distilled water. The population of intestinal microflora, Bacteroides distasonis and Clostridium spp., increased significantly in mice with acute and chronic ulcerative colitis. Further, morphological studies suggest that the administered dextran sulfate sodium was partially phagocytized by macrophages in the colonic mucosa.
Acute Disease↗
Cytotoxic component(s) of Klebsiella oxytoca on HEp-2 cells.
A cytotoxic component(s) was detected in culture filtrates of Klebsiella oxytoca isolated from patients with antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. Eleven of 12 isolates exhibited cytotoxicity on HEp-2 cells. The cytotoxic activity of K. oxytoca strain MH43-1 was stable for the treatment of 60 C for 30 min, but inactivated by the treatment of 100 C for 15 min. This cytotoxicity was not destroyed by the treatment with trypsin or pronase, and the component was filtrable through a membrane filter which cut off molecular weight 5,000.
Cells, Cultured↗
[Estimate of aztreonam (AZT) hydrolyzing enzymes from clinically isolated AZT-resistant gram-negative bacilli].
The MICs of Aztreonam (AZT) against 590 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli were determined. About 13.4% (79 strains) of the isolates were AZT-resistant (MIC; 12.5 micrograms/ml less than or equal to). The resistance pattern against various beta-lactams and the effects on MICs of combination of Clavulanic acid (CVA) and AZT against AZT resistant strains suggested that AZT was inactivated by either type of IV (K1), Va (OXA1), or PSE2 beta-lactamases.
Aztreonam↗
In-vitro activity of DR-3355, an optically active isomer of ofloxacin, against bacterial pathogens associated with travellers' diarrhoea.
The in-vitro activity of DR-3355, the S-(-)-isomer of ofloxacin, was determined against bacterial pathogens associated with travellers' diarrhoea. DR-3355 was highly active against isolates of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (MIC90 0.05 mg/l), Salmonella spp. (MIC90 0.10 mg/l), Shigella spp. (MIC90 0.10 mg/l), Campylobacter jejuni (MIC90 0.39 mg/l) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MIC90 0.39 mg/l). The activity of DR-3355 against these bacteria was generally two- to eight-fold greater than that of ofloxacin and equal to, or only two-fold less than, that of ciprofloxacin with the exception of isolates of C. jejuni, which were two-fold less susceptible to ciprofloxacin than to DR-3355.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Serovars, antimicrobial resistance and conjugative R plasmids of Salmonella isolated from human during the period of 1966-1986 in Tokyo. Research Group for Infectious Enteric Diseases].
We examined 4,739 isolates of Salmonella isolated from patients with gastroenteritis during the period of 1966-1986 in Tokyo for the incidences of serovars, antibiotic resistance and conjugative R plasmids. The period of study was divided into three: 1966-73 (early period), 1974-79 (middle period), and 1980-86 (late period). The predominant serovars were S. typhimurium (34.3%), Infantis (5.6%), Panama (4.9%) in the middle period, S. typhimurium (31.7%), Paratyphi B (9.4%), Litchfield (7.3%) in the late period. These results were consistent with serovars of isolates from healthy citizens. The frequency of resistant isolates was as high as 86.9% in the early period, mostly streptomycin (SM)- and tetracycline (TC)-resistant isolates, but decreased significantly in the middle and the late periods, to 53.3 and 39.4%, respectively. The percentages of ampicillin (ABPC)-, chloramphenicol (CP)-, and kanamycin (KM)-resistant isolates increased in the late period. Strains carrying conjugative R plasmids were isolated as frequently as 57.8% of the total isolates in 1973, but as less frequently as 6.7% in 1981 indicating that the rate was roughly proportional to the incidence of the drug resistant isolates. The rate, however, increased gradually after 1981. The predominant resistance pattern of the R plasmids was TC-resistance in the early period, gradually changed into multiple and finally to AP-, CP-, KM-, SM-, TC- and sulfonamides-resistance in the late period.
Conjugation, Genetic↗
Differences among Shigella spp. in susceptibility to the bactericidal activity of human serum.
Clinical isolates of Shigella spp. were examined for their susceptibility to human serum. The susceptibility of the strains to immune and nonimmune human serum was dependent upon the size of the bacterial inoculum and the concentration of serum. There were differences among Shigella spp. in susceptibility to human serum: S. sonnei strains were the least susceptible, strains of S. boydii and S. flexneri serotype 6 were intermediate, and those of S. flexneri other than serotype 6 and S. dysenteriae were the most susceptible. Experiments in which heat-treated (56 degrees C for 30 min, or 50 degrees C for 20 min) serum was used, and analysis of activation of complement by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from each Shigella sp., suggested that LPS composition, especially the O antigen polysaccharide chains, contributes to the differences among Shigella spp. in susceptibility to human serum.
Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
Overproduction of gene products by the super-high-copy-number plasmid pNR333.
The plasmid pNR333 is a kanamycin-resistant, deletion derivative of pNR113 with an extremely high copy number in Escherichia coli and in Proteus mirabilis. In order to determine the usefulness of pNR333 as a replication gene of vector, the genes encoding chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase (CAT) and beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) were cloned individually into both pNR333 and other low-copy-number plasmids. The expression of the cloned genes was compared by measuring the specific activity of each enzyme and the amounts of the proteins produced. A hybrid plasmid pNR333-cat expressed 53 times as much activity of CAT as the low-copy plasmid S-a which had a copy number of four. The lacZ gene cloned in pNR333 produced 17 times as much beta-gal as in the low-copy-number plasmid pNR1150. These results suggest that pNR333 is a useful vector plasmid for producing a large amount of polypeptides in E. coli hosts.
Acetyltransferases↗
[Plasmid profiles and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella typhimurium, S. enteritidis, and S. braenderup isolates from human sources].
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
[Clinical evaluation of selective enrichment broth for detection of beta-hemolytic Streptococcus in throat culture of children].
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Age Factors↗
Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli with special reference to plasmid profiles of Japanese clinical isolates.
A total of 111 clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and 10 clinical isolates of Campylobacter coli were characterized by their susceptibility to nine antimicrobial agents and by their plasmid profiles on agarose gel electrophoresis. All of the C. jejuni isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and nalidixic acid, but 55% were tetracycline resistant. In the 10 C. coli isolates, a high prevalence of multiple-antibiotic resistance was noted. Plasmids were found in 82% of the tetracycline-resistant and 15% of the tetracycline-susceptible C. jejuni isolates. Tetracycline resistance in six randomly selected C. jejuni isolates, which contained 50- or 135-kilobase (kb) plasmids, was transferred by conjugation to a Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus recipient with recovery of a 50- or a 45-kb plasmid from transconjugants. From one multiple-antibiotic-resistant C. coli isolate, resistance to tetracycline, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol was transferred concomitantly with a 58-kb plasmid, pNR9589. Nonconjugative 98-kb plasmids, pNR9131 and pNR9581, from C. coli isolates with resistance to tetracycline, kanamycin, and erythromycin were shown by cloning experiments to code for at least kanamycin resistance. Restriction digests revealed that 50-kb plasmids from tetracycline-resistant C. jejuni isolates were identical, although plasmids from multiple-antibiotic-resistant C. coli isolates shared partial DNA homology to each other. Cloning of the kanamycin and chloramphenicol resistance genes of pNR9589 into Escherichia coli showed that the two genes are closely linked or clustered. Double-digestion analysis of the fragments encoding the kanamycin resistance of pNR9131, pNR9581, and pNR9589 showed that these three plasmids contain a common fragment related to kanamycin resistance.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗