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Biomedical subjects

R Nishimura

Publications and source records attributed to R Nishimura.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Histopathological changes in digits of dairy cows affected with sole ulcers.

Forty-eight digits of 8 dairy cows, which had been diagnosed as sole ulcers in one or two hooves, were examined histopathologically and classified into 5 grades on the basis of the severity of the circulatory disturbances and of keratogenesis. All the cows had significantly higher grades than normal cows. Although hind lateral digits were most severely damaged, there were no significant differences in the grades among claw positions except hind lateral digits. From these results, it is suggested that the cows affected with sole ulcers had some systemic factors predisposing all the digits to digital disorders.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Histopathological findings on ulcerative lesions of carpal and tarsal joints in Japanese black cattle.

In order to determine the pathogenesis of ulcerative lesions of the articular cartilages in Japanese Black cattle, tissue samples of the ulcerative lesion, marginal portion of the ulcer, macroscopically normal portions and synovial membranes were histopathologically examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact microradiography. The results are summarized as follows: (1) In the ulcerative lesions, degeneration and complete destruction of articular cartilage and its replacement with a proliferation of myelogenic connective tissue were observed. (2) In macroscopically normal portions, fissures of the articular surface and changes of the trabecular pattern in subchondral bone were present. (3) In the marginal portions of the ulcerative lesions, evidences of the repair process such as connective tissue growth from subchondral bones and articular cartilages were seen. (4) In synovial membranes, no pathological findings were observed. And (5) among the above mentioned changes, no inflammatory findings were seen. In conclusion, the ulcerative lesions of bovine articular cartilage may be regarded as the early stage of osteochondrosis to osteoarthrosis since the findings such as noninflammatory destruction or degeneration and remodeling of the joints are characteristics of the latter.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Postparturient change in endotoxin levels of ruminal fluid and serum in dairy cows.

The changes in the endotoxin levels of ruminal fluid and serum in postparturient cows were evaluated. Five cows were fed hay and concentrates on an individual basis (farm A) and the other 5 cows were given complete feed ad libitum (farm B) after parturition. Ruminal pH levels decreased in both groups after parturition. Subsequently, the ruminal endotoxin levels increased with the declining pH on both of the farms. The ruminal endotoxin levels were slightly higher in cows of farm B than those of farm A. Serum endotoxin levels also showed episodic fluctuations, however, there were no parallel changes between the endotoxin levels of the ruminal fluid and sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effects of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and its inhibitors on canine osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro.

Cytotoxic effect of progesterone on the neoplastic cells was investigated using POS cells, a cell line established from a spontaneous osteosarcoma in a dog. The 20 alpha-HSD activity of POS cells was 0.85 +/- 0.26 NADPH nmol/min mg protein, demonstrating that a considerable activity was present in this tumor cell. When progesterone was added to the medium and cultured for 48 hr, progesterone dose-dependently inhibited the cell growth, showing that progesterone was cytotoxic on this osteosarcoma cells in vitro. In order to assure the role of 20 alpha-HSD on the cell growth, various concentrations of four types of steroid derivatives, STZ 20, 23, 25, and 26, potent inhibitors of 20 alpha-HSD, were added to the medium with 0.1 microM progesterone. Then, the POS cell growth was more strongly inhibited, which may suggest that the cytotoxicity of progesterone was enhanced by inactivation of 20 alpha-HSD by STZs. From these results, POS osteosarcoma cells have 20 alpha-HSD, which might play an important role in tumor cell growth against the cell toxicity of progesterone.

20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1996

Prognosis of malignant mammary tumor in 53 cats.

Medical records of fifty-three cats diagnosed as malignant mammary tumor from 1982 to 1993 were reviewed. The mean age of the cats at diagnosis was 11.1 years, and Japanese domestic and Siamese breeds were predominant. Survival rates after 1 and 2 years of diagnosis were 31.8% and 17.7%, respectively, suggesting poor prognosis of this malignancy. The survival time was significantly associated with tumor size or WHO clinical stage, but not with breed, age, or gender. Twenty-nine cats with pulmonary metastasis died within 5 months following metastatic detection. Postoperative prognosis was significantly related to the tumor size at surgery, but not with type of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide and/or vincristine.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

A major improvement in the prognosis of individuals with IDDM in the past 30 years in Japan. The Diabetes Epidemiology Research International Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the time trends of mortality among individuals with IDDM in Japan. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A historical prospective study of two independent population-based cohorts composed of individuals who were diagnosed between 1965 and 1969 (1960s cohort) and between 1975 and 1979 (1970s cohort), which included 286 IDDM patients (onset age < 18 years) for the 1960s cohort and 779 patients for the 1970s cohort, was performed. After 10 years of observation, mortality status and causes of deaths between the two cohorts were compared. RESULTS: The age-adjusted mortality rate per 100,000 person-years of the 1960s cohort was 754 (95% CI, 471-1,141); in contrast, that of the 1970s cohort was only 196 (95% CI, 107-329) (P < 0.001). The standardized mortality ratio of the 1960s cohort was 1,432 (95% CI, 898-2,161), and that of the 1970s cohort was 489 (95% CI, 267-821). Analyses of the causes of deaths revealed a marked decline in recent years in the number of deaths by acute complications and renal disease. CONCLUSIONS: A major decline in the mortality of diabetic children in Japan may be attributed to the dramatic changes in the quality of care and medical infrastructure that occurred after the mid-1970s.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Ectopic production of HCG beta by bladder carcinoma in vitro and in vivo].

BACKGROUND: Ectopic production of immunoreactive hCG/hCG beta (IR-hCG beta) by bladder tansitional cell carcinoma cell lines was investigated in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: As an in vitro study, IR-hCG beta in culture media from 2 bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell lines (KoTCC-1 and HT-1197) was analyzed by three kinds of enzyme immunoassays (EIA) which were specific for intact hCG, free hCG beta and beta-core fragment (beta-CF). As an in vivo study, distribution of IR-hCG beta was analyzed in tumor tissues, sera, and urine of the nude mice and the nude rat transplanted with KoTCC-1 cell line. RESULTS: Both of the cell lines were determined to secrete IR-hCG beta into the media, which consisted principally of free hCG beta. Intact hCG and beta-CF were scarecely detected in the media. Immunohistochemical study revealed the localization of IR-hCG beta in transitional cell carcinoma cells of the transplanted tumor. Although a large amount of IR-hCG beta could be detected in both of the serum and urine from the animals, there were quantitative and qualitative differences between serum and urinary IR-hCG beta. Quantitatively, the concentrations of IR-hCG beta in the urine were consistently much higher than those in the serum. Qualitatively, free hCG beta was exclusively detected in the serum whereas a large amount of beta-CF, in addition to free hCG beta, were found in the urine. Intact hCG could not be detected in both serum and urine. These distributions of IR-hCG beta in the animals bearing tumors were completely analogous to those in patients with bladder carcinoma. CONCLUSION: The present results suggested that ectopic production of IR-hCG beta by bladder carcinoma is not rare phenomenon and it is clinically useful as a tumor marker when beta-CF is measured in the urine.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Anesthesia induced in pigs by use of a combination of medetomidine, butorphanol, and ketamine and its reversal by administration of atipamezole.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an IM administrable anesthetic combination for pigs. DESIGN: Use of a combination of atropine, medetomidine, butorphanol, and ketamine (MB-K) was evaluated as an anesthetic regimen and compared with that of a combination of atropine, xylazine, butorphanol, and ketamine (XB-K). Cardiorespiratory effects of MB-K combination and use of atipamezole as a means of reversing anesthesia induced by MB-K were examined. ANIMALS: 18 castrated, mixed-breed, specific-pathogenfree pigs, aged 8 to 15 (mean, 12.1) weeks and weighing 14.5 to 26.0 (mean, 19.6) kg. were studied. PROCEDURE: Dosages of drugs used in this study were atropine, 25 micrograms/kg of body weight; medetomidine, 80 micrograms/kg; xylazine, 2 mg/kg; butorphanol, 200 micrograms/kg; ketamine, 10 mg/kg; and atipamezole, 240 micrograms/kg. RESULTS: MB-K combination proved to be more effective than XB-K combination as an anesthetic combination. After quick and smooth induction by IM administration, MB-K-induced anesthesia was sustained for 98.8 +/- 22.5 minutes (mean +/- SD, 47.4 +/- 16.5 minutes by XB-K) with accompanying muscular relaxation (91 +/- 18 minutes) and loss of pedal (82 +/- 24 minutes) and laryngeal (75 +/- 19 minutes) reflexes. Loss of these reflexes was of significantly longer duration than the loss induced by XB-K, enabled tracheal intubation, and, thus, supported major surgery for at least 30 minutes after induction. Recovery from MB-K-induced anesthesia was smooth. MB-K combination had a slight stimulative effect on cardiovascular status, and a significant depressant effect on blood gas and acid-base status, but these effects were within biologically acceptable limits. Oxygen consumption of pigs under MB-K-induced anesthesia decreased significantly. MB-K-induced anesthesia could be effectively and quickly reversed by IM or IV administration of atipamezole. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of medetomidine, butorphanol, and ketamine induces excellent surgical anesthesia in pigs, and results in moderate cardiorespiratory effects. A great advantage of the anesthetic regimen is that it can be effectively and quickly reversed by atipamezole. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Medetomidine, butorphanol, and ketamine-induced anesthesia is available for short-term major surgery in pigs.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1996

[An operative case of suture-granuloma which resulted from an intra-pulmonary treatment 10 years ago and manifested hemoptysis].

We experienced a 27-year-old male patient with recurrent hemoptysis manifested by granuloma which resulted from surgical repair that was performed for right pneumothorax using unabsorbable sutures (braided silk) before 10 years. The patient had been suffering from fever and cough for three months before hemoptysis. Chest X-ray and CT scan films showed a mass shadow in the lateral side of the right lung field. Furthermore, bronchoscopy revealed bleeding in B3 of the right lung. The patient underwent right upper lobectomy, which disclosed that hemoptysis was due to a granuloma (2.3 x 3.2 cm in size) formed around sutures. The granuloma was caused not only by foreign body reaction but also by transbronchial infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Benefits of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) in Advanced or Recurrent Breast Cancer with Higher Serum Concertration.

The efficacy of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy in controlling progressive measurable metastatic breast cancer was assessed in 61 patients. In addition serum MPA concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and subjective effects of treatment were monitored. Overall 24 patients (39.3%) achieved an objective response(2 complete responses [ CR ] and 22 partial responses [ PR ]). There was no significant relationships between response to therapy and menopausal status, metastatic sites, previous therapy, histological type, or disease-free interval. Patients with estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptor-positive tumors responded more frequently. Significant differences in serum MPA concentrations were seen between responders and non-responders, objective tumor shrinkage being seen in patients with serum levels in excess of 55 ng/ml. There were few cases responding to the therapy with serum MPA concentrations lower than 25 ng/ml. The serum MPA levels significantly correlated with an improvement in the performance status and survival. Patients with serum MPA concentrations lower than 25 ng/ml had significantly poorer survival. There was a significant relationship between MPA level and dose per area of boby surface (mg/ m(2)) in cases with CR or PR or no change (NC). However, the serum levels of patients with progressive disease despite therapy were lower than the expected levels based on the body surface area. This study demonstrated that serum MPA concentration is a determining factor for therapeutic benefit in advanced or recurrent breast cancer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

An Evaluation of DNA Polymerase alpha as a Prognostic Predictor in Early Breast Cancers Smaller than 2 cm.

We examined the relationship between proliferative activity determined by DNA polymerase alpha and clinicopathologic variables in breast cancer patients, and evaluated the usefulness of DNA polymerase alpha as a prognostic predictor in 337 early breast cancers with tumors smaller than 2 cm, which had favorable outcomes. About 60% of tumors had lower proliferative activity. A significant correlationwas found between DNA polymerase alpha and ER, PgR, histological type, or the degree of infiltration into lymphatic vessels which reflect the prognosis. Cancers with higher DNA polymerase alpha activity were associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival times. In a multivariate analysis the DNA polymerase alpha was found to be an independent and significant factor in early breast cancer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1995

Expression and secretion of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin by bladder carcinoma in vivo and in vitro.

Expression and secretion of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) by bladder carcinoma cell lines were investigated in vitro and in vivo. As an in vitro study, immunoreactive hCG beta (IR-hCG beta) secreted into the culture media of two bladder transitional cell lines (KoTCC-1 and HT-1197) was analyzed using three kinds of enzyme immunoassays which were specific for intact hCG, free hCG beta, and beta core fragment (beta-CF). Both of the cell lines were determined to secrete IR-hCG beta into the media, which consisted principally of free hCG beta, but detectable levels of intact hCG and beta-CF were not present in the media. Northern blot analysis revealed that the hCG beta gene was expressed in both KoTCC-1 and HT-1197 cells where the sizes of mRNA from these cells were smaller than those from placental and NJG choriocarcinoma cells. As an in vivo study, distribution of IR-hCG beta was analyzed in the tumor tissues, sera, and urine of the mice and the rats transplanted with KoTCC-1 cells. By the immunohistochemical study, the IR-hCG beta was clearly observed in transitional cell carcinoma cells of the transplanted tumor. High levels of IR-hCG beta were detected in both the serum and urine from the animals, but there were quantitative and qualitative differences between serum and urinary IR-hCG beta. Quantitatively, the concentrations of IR-hCG beta in the urine were consistently much higher than those in the serum. Qualitatively, free hCG beta was exclusively detected in the serum whereas high levels of beta-CF in addition to free hCG beta were found in the urine. Intact hCG could not be detected in the serum and urine. These distributions of IR-hCG beta in the animals transplanted with KoTCC-1 cells were completely analogous to those in a patient with hCG beta-producing bladder carcinoma. The present study shows that the same metabolic pathway of IR-hCG beta is operating in mice and rats as in humans, indicating that IR-hCG beta found in patients with bladder carcinoma originates from the tumor and it may be recognized as a tumor marker when beta-CF is measured in the patient's urine.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Ovarian strumal carcinoid with markedly high serum levels of tumor markers.

We report a 54-year-old woman with ovarian strumal carcinoid in association with dermoid cyst and mucinous cystadenoma in the same ovary and who had markedly high serum levels of CEA (202 ng/ml), CA125 (710 U/ml), and CA19-9 (11,500 U/ml). These tumor markers were not found in the thyroid tissue or carcinoid by immunohistochemical methods, but their serum levels decreased to below the cutoff levels after surgery. In our case, the change of serum levels of these tumor markers may be useful for the follow-up after surgery.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1995

Combination assay of urinary beta-core fragment of human chorionic gonadotropin with serum tumor markers in gynecologic cancers.

Ectopic production of the immunoreactive beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (IR-hCG beta) by gynecologic malignancies has been well recognized, but IR-hCG beta has not yet been established as a clinically useful tumor marker, except for germ cell tumors. We measured the concentrations of IR-hCG beta-related molecules, intact hCG, free hCG beta, and beta-CF, in the sera and urine of patients with various gynecologic cancers (cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers) to assess their clinical usefulness as a tumor marker in comparison with serum tumor markers such as CEA, SCC, CA125, and CA19-9. The highest incidence of IR-hCG beta was obtained in the assay for beta-CF in the urine, with positive rates of 47.7% (94 of 197) for cervical, 37.8% (14 of 37) for endometrial, and 84.4% (38 of 45) for ovarian cancers with a cut-off value of 0.2 ng/mg of creatinine. In cervical cancer, there was no significant correlation between the concentrations of urinary beta-CF and serum SCC, and 57.9% (114 of 197) of the patients were detected by the combination assay of these tumor markers. Serial determination in 22 cervical cancer patients with elevated urinary beta-CF level prior to therapy showed that its level decreased after successful treatment, but 4 of 5 patients with persistent or recurrent disease had elevated levels of urinary beta-CF. All of the ovarian cancer patients examined were detected by the combination assay of urinary beta-CF and serum CA125. The levels of urinary beta-CF showed little correlation with those of the serum tumor markers, indicating the usefulness of the combination assay of urinary beta-CF with serum tumor markers for detecting cervical and ovarian cancers.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1995

Establishment of a myeloid leukaemic cell line (SKNO-1) from a patient with t(8;21) who acquired monosomy 17 during disease progression.

A novel cell line SKNO-1 was established from the bone marrow cells of a 22-year-old male suffering from acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) M2 with t(8;21) whose disease became resistant to chemotherapy after acquisition of 17 monosomy. SKNO-1 has been maintained for more than 36 months as a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) dependent line. Morphologically, SKNO-1 cells were myeloblasts somewhat matured. The cells grow in suspension with a doubling time of 48-72 h. The survival and growth of SKNO-1 cells was absolutely dependent on granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). SKNO-1 cells possessed t(8;21) and monosomy 17 which were observed in original leukaemic cells. We confirmed that the AML1 gene, located on chromosome 21, was rearranged and the AML1-MTG8 fusion transcript was expressed in SKNO-1 cells. Over-expression and mutation of the p53 gene were also detected in SKNO-1. It is likely that alterations of AML1 or MTG8 gene and p53 gene contribute to a disease progression in this case. Since t(8;21) translocation is a common chromosome abnormality in AML, and inactivation of the p53 gene may play a crucial role in disease progression in AML, SKNO-1 would be a useful tool for analysing the molecular mechanisms in myeloid leukaemogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Chemical restraint by medetomidine-ketamine and its cardiopulmonary effects in pigs.

Chemical restraint induced by medetomidine-ketamine (M-K) combination was evaluated compared with that by xylazine-ketamine (X-K) in pigs. The duration of restraint by M-K was 49.4 +/- 13.5 min (mean +/- SD) and longer than that by X-K (34.6 +/- 17.2 min), but the difference was not significant. The effect of X-K was not stable, since one of five pigs was restrained only for 6 min. Both combinations produced muscle relaxation. The duration of muscle relaxation in M-K was 43.6 +/- 12.7 min and was significantly longer than that in X-K (21.0 +/- 14.0 min). M-K combination had a slightly stimulative effect on the cardiovascular system, but scarcely changed the respiratory parameters. This limited effect on cardiopulmonary system was an advantage of M-K combination for chemical restraint in pigs. These results indicated that M-K combination is suitable for chemical restraint with prolonged muscle relaxation and has limited cardiopulmonary effects in pigs.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1995

Potent thyrotropic activity of human chorionic gonadotropin variants in terms of 125I incorporation and de novo synthesized thyroid hormone release in human thyroid follicles.

Using a highly sensitive bioassay for TSH, in which human thyroid follicles incorporate 125I and release de novo synthesized thyroid hormone into the culture medium, the thyrotropic activities of various hCG preparations were studied. Under the culture conditions employed, bovine TSH (bTSH) was approximately 6- to 9-fold more active than human TSH (hTSH). Highly purified hCG prepared from urine of normal pregnant women (CR 127) had only a trivial thyrotropic activity equipotent to 0.00022 microU bTSH/U hCG or 0.0013 microU hTSH/U hCG (19.7 microU hTSH/mg hCG). Hybrid hCG (AB1ER) also elicited low thyrotropic activity (14.0 microU hTSH/mg), whereas crude hCG had moderate thyrotropic activity (0.041 hTSH microU/U hCG or 127 microU/mg protein). Deglycosylated hCG, a very weak LH/hCG receptor agonist, was the most potent agonist in thyroid follicles (588 microU hTSH/mg protein). hCGs purified from urine of patients with trophoblastic tumors had greater TSH-like activity (37-84 microU hTSH/mg protein) than purified hCG. Asialo-hCG purified from a patient with choriocarcinoma had very potent TSH-like activity (468 microU hTSH/mg). Submaximal doses of bTSH and hCG variants produced additive stimulation of thyroid function. Furthermore, the thyrotropic effect of hCG was inhibited by anti-TSH receptor antibody obtained from patients with myxedema. These in vitro findings suggest that although hCG is reported to exert potent cAMP-stimulating activity on rat thyroid-like cells (FRTL-5) and Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with hTSH receptor complementary DNA (0.092-0.72 microU hTSH/U hCG), the thyrotropic activity induced by authentic hCG in human thyroid follicles is too weak to cause hyperthyroidism in normal pregnancy. However, hCG produced by some trophoblastic tumors, particularly asialo-hCG, has potent thyrotropic activity sufficient to cause clinically overt hyperthyroidism when produced excessively.

Animals↗