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Biomedical subjects

R Norrby

Publications and source records attributed to R Norrby.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

No cytogenetic effects of quinolone treatment in humans.

Cytogenetic effects of ciprofloxacin (500 to 2,000 mg daily) and ofloxacin (200 mg daily) were studied in lymphocytes from 31 patients treated for 1 to 10 weeks. Blood samples for cytogenetic analysis were taken before the start of treatment from all patients, after 1 week from 25 patients, and after 2, 4, 6, and 10 weeks from six patients. No chromosome-damaging effect could be demonstrated in any treatment group. The mean aberration yields for each cytogenetic parameter studied and the total number of aberrations were all normal at each sampling occasion.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid in Sweden.

215 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid at 3 different laboratories in Sweden were serotyped by coagglutination and subtyped by the capsular reaction test. 78% of the strains belonged to serotypes which are included in or completely cross-immunogenic with serotypes included in the 14-valent vaccine while serotypes included in the 23-valent vaccine covered 89% of the isolates. Types 7F, 14 and 33F, which cannot be detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis constituted 19% of all strains.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Comparative toxicity of gentamicin and cefotetan.

In a prospective, randomized, comparative study, the renal, hepatic and gastrointestinal toxicity and effects on the vitamin K dependent coagulation factors of gentamicin and cefotetan were compared. Gentamicin, which in all but one patient was combined with a penicillin, was found to cause a significant decrease of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) after 1 week of treatment. In 6/14 patients a further decrease of GFR was found during the week following the last treatment day. The renal proximal tubular cells were affected by gentamicin, as evident from significant increases in urinary activity of 2 tubular enzymes, alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), as well as rises of urinary beta 2-microglobulin. Changes in GFR and tubular function were reversible. No statistically significant changes of these variables were seen with cefotetan. One cefotetan treated patient developed diarrhoea of moderate severity and 2 patients in the same group developed minor increases of liver transaminases. A small but statistically significant decrease of the activity of the vitamin K dependent coagulation factors occurred during cefotetan treatment. No gastrointestinal or hepatic adverse reactions were observed in the gentamicin treated patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Ceftazidime in clinical practice.

In an open trial, the efficacy of intravenously administered ceftazidime was evaluated in 106 adult patients with urinary or respiratory tract infections, soft tissue infections, osteitis and septicaemia. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Of 85 organisms isolated before treatment, 79% were cleared and 15% were cleared but later relapsed often because of the underlying conditions. Clinical cure was achieved in 70%, improvement occurred in 25% of the patients and 6% failed to respond. Marked increases in serum creatinine occurred in three patients with pre-existing renal impairment treated with ceftazidime in unmodified dosage. Exanthema, diarrhoea or local thrombophlebitis was noted in 13 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains by coagglutination and counterimmunoelectrophoresis.

A total of 217 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were serotyped by coagglutination (COA) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). With all strains tested, there was full agreement between results obtained by COA and CIE, except for strains belonging to serotypes 7, 14, 33, and 37, which could not be typed by CIE. These strains were serotyped by passive immunodiffusion, results of which were in full agreement with those obtained by COA. Besides having the advantage of identifying strains belonging to all serotypes, COA was also more rapid and economical than CIE.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1983

Clinical aspects on bacterial infections in the upper respiratory tract.

Acute respiratory tract infections represent the major cause of morbidity in younger age groups. Most of these infections involve the upper respiratory tract. The frequency of respiratory tract infections vary not only with age, but also with season of the year and the epidemiological situation. Surveys of the incidence and aetiology of these infections must therefore cover large populations during relatively long periods of time. In the developed countries, the mortality in respiratory tract infections in patients below the age of 60 years is low, while it increases markedly in elderly patients, mainly due to involvement of the lower respiratory tract. Aetiologically, viral infections dominate but bacterial pathogens often cause pharyngitis/tonsillitis, otitis media and sinusitis. In longstanding cough in children, Branhamella catarrhalis has been found to be a pathogen of probably high significance. Other factors increasing the clinical importance of colonisation of the upper respiratory tract with potentially pathogenic bacterial species, are various immune defects, especially reduced IgA production, and granulocytopenia. In the latter case, Gram-negative bacteria seem to be more pathogenic than Gram-positive ones. The clinical differentiation between viral and bacterial upper respiratory tract infections is difficult and sometimes not possible. However, based on the knowledge that acute tracheitis, laryngitis and common cold are normally caused by viral agents, it seems reasonable not to use antibiotics for those patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Short-term systemic prophylaxis with cefoxitin and doxycycline in colorectal surgery. A prospective, randomized study.

The efficacy of cefoxitin or doxycycline as antibiotic prophylaxis in colorectal surgery was compared in 102 elective operations. Both drugs were used perioperatively only. Cefoxitin was used in 55 cases and doxycycline in 47. Ten patients in the cefoxitin group and 4 in doxycycline group had wound infections. Three intraabdominal abscesses were seen, one after cefoxitin and two after doxycycline prophylaxis. All three were due to anastomotic leakage. Bacteriologic studies revealed no negative ecologic effects of prophylaxis. The short-term prophylaxis used did protect against serious infectious complications. The extended spectrum of cefoxitin provided no added benefit in prophylaxis. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated preoperatively with salicylazosulfapyridine run a greater risk of postoperative infection in spite of the prophylaxis.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Estimation of glomerular filtration rate by serum creatinine and serum beta 2-microglobulin.

51Cr-EDTA clearance, serum beta 2-microglobulin and serum creatinine were measured simultaneously on 271 occasions in 114 patients. Serum beta 2-microglobulin was more sensitive than serum creatinine for detection of changes of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and for detection of a moderately reduced GFR. However, serum beta 2-microglobulin also had severe limitations when used to estimate GFR. The serum levels of the protein varied considerably in patients with similar GFR, probably due to different rates of synthesis of beta 2-microglobulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Studies on some variables influencing aminoglycoside efficacy in vivo and in vitro.

The penetration of various aminoglycosides into uninfected and infected fluids of steel net cages, implanted subcutaneously into rabbits, was studied. The pharmacokinetics of the antibiotics tested in these fluids were characterized by a peak concentration which was delayed in relation to that in serum after both intramuscular and intravenous administration, and by a slower elimination from cage fluids than from serum. Comparing amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin and tobramycin, the latter seemed to have a somewhat lower penetrability into uninfected cage fluids. Infection of the cage fluids with gram-negative aerobic bacteria resulted in a reduction of the measurable concentrations of amikacin, gentamicin or netilmicin in the cage fluids when compared to those obtained in uninfected fluids in the same rabbits. Elimination of the aminoglycosides from the infected cage fluids was slower than from the uninfected ones. The lower concentrations of the aminoglycosides in infected cage fluids were considered to be primarily due to a penetration barrier created by the infection. The viable counts in infected cage fluids were only marginally affected in cages where the aminoglycoside concentrations were above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) of the aminoglycosides against the bacterial strains used for infection when tested in vitro according to standard techniques. In infected cage fluids the pO2 and pH were low, while the pCO2 was high. The number of viable bacteria was high. These factors, which in vitro increased the MIC's of the agents, and the low concentrations achieved in infected cage fluids could explain the inefficacy of aminoglycoside treatment in this experimental model.

Aminoglycosides↗