Biomedical subjects

R Ocaña-Riola

Publications and source records attributed to R Ocaña-Riola.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Periodontitis as risk factor for acute myocardial infarction. A case control study of Spanish adults.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to determine, in a case-control study of a Spanish population, whether periodontitis is a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND: Although part of cardiovascular risk could be explained by periodontal disease, available meta-analyses find significant heterogeneity and recommend the need for further observational and intervention studies. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted of 149 Spanish patients aged between 40 and 75 years, with 72 cases (acute myocardial infarction) and 77 controls (trauma patients). Periodontitis was measured as the percentage of sites with clinical attachment loss greater than 3 mm. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to estimate the adjusted effect of periodontitis on acute myocardial infarction, after considering the potential confounding effect of a large pool of risk factors. RESULTS: In a bivariate analysis, males, older patients, smokers, and those with hypertension, diabetes or hypercholesterolemia, showed an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction. The cases, compared to controls, showed worse results for all periodontal variables studied: gingival retraction, pocket depth, and periodontitis. The final multiple logistic model included sex, age, tobacco habit, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, regular exercise, and periodontitis. The association between periodontitis (dichotomized) and acute myocardial infarction was high and significant in both the unadjusted (odds ratio = 4.42, p < 0.001) and adjusted analyses (odds ratio = 3.31, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: There is evidence of an association between periodontitis and acute myocardial infarction after adjusting for well-known risk factors for acute myocardial infarction.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Efficacy of time series analysis in health planning for cancer in Spain].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of the time series model used to forecast cancer mortality rates in Spain published in Atención Primaria for the year 2000. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: Spain. PARTICIPANTS: All cancer deaths recorded in Spain during the year 2000. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The forecast for cancer mortality rates in males and females for the year 2000 was obtained from a paper published in 1999 in the journal Atención Primaria. Official data on cancer mortality rates for the year 2000 were obtained from the Spanish Statistical Office (INE) in 2003. RESULTS: In 2000, 59,212 males and 35,860 females died of cancer. The figures predicted by the time series model were 60,561 for males and 36,183 for females. Thus, the actual cancer mortality figures published by the Statistical Office fell within the confidence intervals of the forecasts for both gross mortality and cancer deaths. CONCLUSIONS: The difference between the true cancer mortality rate and the forecast is very small and not significant for health planning. Time series analysis is highly effective as a basis for decision-taking in cancer health planning. Cancer health policy and management can also benefit from the strength of these models.

Confidence Intervals↗

PubMed2004

[Changes in mortality associated with traffic accidents in Andalusia from 1975 to 2001 and forecast for 2004].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the evolution of mortality due to traffic accidents in Andalusia between 1975 and 2001 and to predict the mortality rates for 2004. DESIGN: Ecological study with a population base. SETTING: Residents in Andalusia between 1975 and 2001. PARTICIPANTS: Deaths due to traffic accidents in Andalusia between 1975 and 2001. Main measurements and results. Mortality rates adjusted for age in men and women and in three groups: under-35s, from 35 to 64, and over 64. The evolution of rates over time was studied through trend analysis. Short-term predictions of the mortality rates were made. The adjusted rates for men fell from 21.20 per 100000 inhabitants in 2001 to 20.21 in 2001. The rate for women fell from 4.87 to 4.60 during the same period. The evolution of mortality was similar for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Traffic accident mortality evolved in an oscillating way, with an important fall in numbers starting in 1989. Mortality rates increased with age. The predictions formulated indicate that the stable trend starting in 1995 will remain the same in the coming years.

Accidents, Traffic↗

PubMed2001

Population-based study of cutaneous malignant melanoma in the Granada province (Spain), 1985-1992.

Cutaneous melanoma has received substantial attention during the last years because of the increase in its incidence which has been registered in many countries. This paper aims at describing the incidence and characteristics of all new cutaneous malignant melanoma cases during 1985-1992 reported to the Granada Cancer Registry (Spain) in the context of Mediterranean populations. A population-based study with 247 cutaneous melanoma cases was carried out. The variables used were: sex, age, anatomic site, hystological type, level of invasion and tumour thickness. The Age-Standardised incidence Rate per World population (ASRW) was 2.9 for males and 3.7 for females in the whole period. An increasing incidence trend for both males and females was found. The ASRW in 1985-1987, 1988-1990 and 1991-1992 was respectively 2.2, 2.9 and 3.2 for males and 3, 3.4, 4.7 for females. The most frequent location was trunk for males (36%) and lower extremities for females (44%). The most frequent hystological type for both males and females was superficial spreading melanoma. Seventy-six percent of males and 60% of females were diagnosed Clark's level III or over. Average tumour thickness was 3.3 mm for males and 2.4 mm for females. The results of this study can be a guidance for the setting up of health policies which would contribute to the prevention of the disease and to an improvement in care. Because of the increase in incidence rates and the high percentage of cases which were diagnosed at advanced stages, it is advised that prevention campaigns are addressed to the Granada population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[The prediction of the cancer incidence and mortality rates in Spain for the year 2000].

OBJECTIVE: To forecast the cancer incidence and mortality rates in Spain for the year 2000, and to estimate the number of new cases and the number of dead patients due to the cancer for this year. DESIGN: Ecological study with time series analysis. PATIENTS: Cancer mortality rates in Spain was obtained from 1905 to 1995. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Brow method was applied in order to forecast cancer mortality rates for the year 2000. An estimation of the incidence rates in Spain was obtained from the incidence/mortality rate (1.49 for males and 2.07 for females), given by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). INE's publications were used in order to estimate the number of new cases and the number of dead patients due to the cancer for the year 2000. The forecasting about cancer mortality rates in Spain for the year 2000 were 312.93 in men and 180.56 in women. An increasing in mortality will be produced in the following years. 90,000 men and 75,000 women will be diagnosed with cancer; 61,000 men and 36,000 women will be died due of this disease. CONCLUSION: The trends in cancer incidence and mortality are increasing. These results could be interesting in health policy in order to plan different actions in the future.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Update on regression: softening relationships].

A frequently used methodology for the analysis of different kinds of health problems is based on regression models: lineal, logistic, etc.; these models depend on a set of parameters that must be estimated from the data. However, they present the drawback of being very rigid since, occasionally, they impose overly strict relations between the variables. Non-parametric regression methods present the advantage of not establishing a priori restrictions, allowing the data to indicates us the appropriate functional form. In this paper several modern non-parametric regression methods are presented that in addition to their usefulness per se can prone to be of invaluable help in the diagnostic process for parametric regression methods. The current availability of the necessary software should contribute to their increased use which, in turn, will probably lead to an improved understanding of the health problems under study.

Linear Models↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The short-term effects of air pollution on mortality. The results of the EMCAM project in the city of Seville, 1992-1996. Estudio Multicéntrico Español sobre la Relación entre la Contaminación Atmosférica y la Mortalidad].

BACKGROUND: As part of the EMECAM Project, the objective of this study is that of assessing the impact of air pollution on the daily mortality in Seville throughout the 1992-1996 period. METHODS: During the 1992-1996 period, readings were taken daily of the amounts of SO2, particles in suspension (PM10) and NO2 present in the air in the city of Seville, in addition to the number of deaths daily due to different causes. For analyzing this data, a multivariable Poisson regression model was used for modeling each one of the causes of death in terms of the air immission readings, controlling other confusion-causing variables. RESULTS: A relationship was found to exist between the rises in the NO2 levels and the daily death rate throughout the months of May to October. For each 10 micrograms/m3 rise, the risk of death or all causes showed a 2% rise, the same rise in the NO2 levels leading to a 3% rise in the risk of death resulting from cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS: A relationship exists between the levels of NO2 air pollution and the daily death rate in Seville. The findings provide scientific knowledge and information which can be of use for preventing the impact of air pollution on human health.

Aged↗