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R Ochiai

Publications and source records attributed to R Ochiai.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Quantitative analysis of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during sevoflurane anesthesia].

The change in electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during sevoflurane anesthesia was quantitatively evaluated by using zero-crossing analysis in 10 adult patients. The deceleration of EEG activity was significant and dose-dependent. Such change was not significantly different among the regions. Burst suppression appeared at 2-2.5 MAC in all patients. The significant decrease in both alpha and beta activities and the significant increase in delta activity disappeared with 1% or less of sevoflurane. Toward the emergence from anesthesia, EEG activity accelerated and there was no significant difference in its activity between the emergence period and control period. The results demonstrated that the effect of sevoflurane on EEG activity is similar to that of other inhalation anesthetics, but the difference among anesthetics should be clarified in a further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Electroencephalographic change during induction of high-dose fentanyl anesthesia--evaluation by LIFESCAN EEG monitor].

The relation between the patient's consciousness level and the change in electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during general anesthesia has not been well understood. In the present study, we evaluated such relationship quantitatively during the induction of high-dose fentanyl anesthesia in adult open-heart cases. There are significant increase in delta activity and significant decrease in alpha and beta activity in response to the induction of anesthesia. The loss of consciousness coincided with the sharp reduction in delta ratio and edge frequency (80%). Such reduction was more prominent in delta ratio than in edge frequency. These findings suggest that delta ratio could indicate the consciousness level during the induction of high-dose fentanyl anesthesia. Further study is needed to clarify the EEG response during inhalation and intravenous anesthesia in relation to EEG activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Does pulmonary air embolism affect the pulsatility of pulmonary capillary blood flow in dogs?].

The difference in the uptake rate through the lungs between nitrous oxide and oxygen has been shown to represent the pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qc). The pulsatility of Qc, defined as the ratio of maximum Qc and mean Qc (Qc max/Qc), the ratio of Qc max and stroke volume (Qc max/SV), and the ratio of systolic Qc and SV (Vsyst/SV), has been also shown to indicate the pulmonary vasodilation as well as vasoconstriction. We measured Qc by means of body plethysmography in dogs with pulmonary air embolism, in order to evaluate its effect on the pulmonary vasculature. Ten adult dogs were anesthetized with pentobarbital and pancuronium, and were mechanically ventilated. A volume of air (0.5 ml/kg) was injected into the central vein. Although there was no significant change in systemic blood pressure, cardiac output, heart rate, and airway pressure after the injection of air, pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly. Qc, Qc max, Qc max/Qc, and Qc max/SV decreased significantly after the air injection. Since these findings suggest that the pulmonary air embolism provoked pulmonary vasoconstriction, and attenuated the pulsatility of Qc, optimal pulmonary vasodilation therapy would be recommended to improve the pulmonary hypertension secondary to pulmonary air embolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Dose calcium balanced heparin affect blood gas and electrolyte analysis?

The effect of calcium-balanced heparin (471896, CIBA CORNING) on blood gas and electrolyte analysis was evaluated, by comparing with that of sodium heparin (Na heparin). One ml of whole blood was collected into a syringe, which contained calcium-balance heparin (Ca balanced heparin) or Na heparin. 122 pairs of blood samples obtained from 15 patients were analyzed for Na, K, ionized calcium (Ca(++)), total hemoglobin, pH, P(CO)(2), and P(O)(2) by an automatic blood gas and electrolyte analyzer, CIBA CORNING model 288. There was a significant difference ( P << 0.05) in pH, P(CO)(2), Na, and Ca(++) between the two different groups. Ca(++) concentration was significantly less in Na heparin group than in Ca balanced heparin group, probably due to more chelation of Ca(++) by Na heparin than Ca balanced heparin. The present study suggests that the Ca balanced heparin has minimal effect on the blood gas and electrolyte analysis, and is a suitable anticoagulant for the Ca(++) measurement.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1990

[Acoustic evaluation of postoperative hoarseness in adult patients].

The present study was performed to evaluate postoperative hoarseness quantitatively by means of acoustic wave form analysis. Pitch and amplitude perturbation (PPQ, and APQ), and normalized noise energy (NNE) were measured along with the frequency characteristics in 51 adult patients undergoing elective surgery. The normal values for these acoustic parameters were less than 0.5%, less than 2.0%, and less than -10 dB, respectively. Vowel sound "E" was recorded and evaluated before the induction of anesthesia and on the morning of the day after the surgery. PPQ increased from 0.39% to 1.00% (P less than 0.05), APQ increased from 3.34% to 6.62% (P less than 0.05), and NNE increased from -9.19 dB to -4.74 dB (P less than 0.05). Eighteen percent of the patients showed abnormal values in all parameters preoperatively, but 45% of the patients postoperatively (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that even the short term intubation resulted in the postoperative hoarseness, and this method is a useful and non-invasive bed-side test to evaluate postoperative hoarseness quantitatively.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1989

Activation of ras oncogenes in chemically transformed BALB/MK-2 mouse keratinocytes.

BALB/MK-2 cells are an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent cell line derived from BALB/c mouse epidermis that can undergo terminal differentiation under appropriate conditions. Previous studies have shown that transformation of these cells by retroviral oncogenes relieves the EGF requirement while blocking the terminal differentiation program. In this report we show that BALB/MK-2 cells are sensitive to transformation by the chemical carcinogens dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA), and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N'-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG). BALB/MK-2 cells transformed by these carcinogens proliferate in the absence of EGF and do not undergo terminal differentiation in response to calcium. However, the cells retain their anchorage growth dependence and are nontumorigenic in nude mice. NIH 3T3 transfection analysis showed that the endogenous Ha-ras gene had been activated in both DMBA- and MNNG-transformed cells and the Ki-ras gene had been activated in the MCA-transformed cells. Additionally, non-ras transforming activity was detected in some MNNG-transformed BALB/MK-2 cells. Thus, the BALB/MK-2 cell line provides a reproducible in vitro assay system for chemical transformation of epithelial cells and for identification of oncogene activations associated with changes in growth control and differentiation.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1989

Effects of varying concentrations of halothane on the activity of the genioglossus, intercostals, and diaphragm in cats: an electromyographic study.

To determine the possible differential effects of depth of inhalation anesthetics on inspiratory muscle activity, the following were studied in seven adult cats: the phasic activity of the diaphragm, the external intercostals, and the genioglossus, by means of electromyography (EMG) and its moving time average (MTA). The animals spontaneously breathed 1.0-3.0% halothane in O2, while arterial PCO2 was maintained constant at approximately 60 mmHg by adjusting CO2 in the inspired gas mixture. Muscle activity was evaluated in terms of peak height of MTA, with measurements at 1% halothane used as control values. Halothane anesthesia attenuated inspiratory muscle activity significantly (P less than 0.05) in a dose-dependent fashion; muscle activity decreased most in the genioglossus, least in the diaphragm, and intermediately in the intercostals. Respiratory frequency, inspiratory time, and inspiratory duty cycle did not change significantly with increasing concentration of halothane.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sympathetic responses in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

To determine the clinical relevance of the sympathetic response to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, we measured plasma concentrations of catecholamine and cortisol in ten such arrested patients on their arrival. The duration of cardiac arrest was estimated from 9 to 200 min before basic life support was initiated by ambulance personnel. Two of the patients developed spontaneous pulses in response to ALS and were resuscitated, and the others were not, although the length and the extent of ALS were not different between the two groups. Plasma concentrations of epinephrine (EN), norepinephrine (NE) and cortisol prior to ALS in both groups were markedly elevated. In particular, the patients who never regained spontaneous pulses showed 58-fold and 12-fold increase in the plasma EN and NE levels, respectively, which were much higher than those in the resuscitated cases; 8- and 1.7-fold increase, respectively. These massive EN and NE discharges correlated well with the arrest time (r = 0.96 and 0.94, respectively) and the degree of acidosis (r = -0.82 and -0.82, respectively).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unilateral pulmonary edema following acute subglottic edema.

Presented here is a case of unilateral pulmonary edema following acute subglottic edema after removal of an endotracheal tube. A 3-year-old boy, diagnosed as having nondiphtheric croup and pectus excavatum deformity, was scheduled for repair of a cleft lip. No complication occurred during the operation. After removal of the endotracheal tube, he showed dyspnea and cyanosis and was later found to have acute subglottic edema. After reintubation of the trachea, frothy pink fluid was discharged from the tube, and chest roentgenogram showed a right-sided alveolar infiltrate. Many factors may cause unilateral pulmonary edema, but it is suggested that acute subglottic edema and unilateral bronchial fragility strongly affected this episode.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ectasis and pallor of peripheral airways during mechanical ventilation.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate morphologic changes in peripheral airways associated with positive-pressure ventilation (PPV). DESIGN: Single-blind study. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Ten patients who required mechanical ventilation due to acute respiratory failure but had no history of prior pulmonary disease. INTERVENTIONS: Seventeen fiberoptic bronchoscopy procedures were performed using a fine fiberoptic bronchoscope of 1.8 mm outside diameter. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The main morphologic findings were pallor and ectasis. Increased secretions, pigmentation, and stenosis or collapse in peripheral airways also were observed. Patients with ectasis were more likely to have had prolonged mechanical ventilation (17 +/- 9 days) as compared with those patients without ectasis (9 +/- 5 days). CONCLUSION: The structural alterations in peripheral airways noted in patients on prolonged PPV suggest that barotrauma may be more widespread than previously recognized.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparative study of subcutaneous mastectomy with radical mastectomy.

The purpose of this study was to compare the results of 133 cases (131 patients) of subcutaneous mastectomy with axillary dissection between 1983 and 1999 and 910 cases of radical mastectomy during the same period. The median follow-up period of the subcutaneous mastectomy group and the radical mastectomy group were 66 months and 81 months, respectively. The age at operation was significantly (p<0.01) younger in the subcutaneous mastectomy group than in the radical mastectomy group and the clinical stage was significantly (p<0.01) earlier. Lymph node metastasis was significantly (p<0.01) higher in the radical mastectomy than in the subcutaneous mastectomy group. There was no difference in ER status between the two groups. There was local recurrence in 5 (3.8%) members of the subcutaneous mastectomy group and in 12 (1.3%) members of the radical mastectomy group. There was no difference in disease-free survival and overall survival between the two groups. Divided into two subgroups by lymph node status, there was no difference in disease-free survival and overall survival between the two groups. Local recurrence occurred more frequently (p<0.05) in the subcutaneous mastectomy group, however, than in the radical mastectomy group when no lymph node metastasis was found. Multivariate analysis using the Cox hazard model showed that operation method and lymph node status were independent prognostic factors for local recurrence, whereas, lymph node status and ER status were independent prognostic factors of disease-free survival. In conclusion, subcutaneous mastectomy presents a risk factor for local recurrence, but the survival rate of the subcutaneous mastectomy group is as favourable as the radical mastectomy group.

Adult↗