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Biomedical subjects

R Olson

Publications and source records attributed to R Olson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Hospital malnutrition: a 33-hospital screening study.

A collaborative study involving nutrition screening of 3,047 patients (excluding 125 pregnant women) at admission to 33 hospitals in and around the greater Chicago area was carried out to identify patients at nutritional risk. Information on sex, age, admitting diagnosis, serum albumin, hemoglobin, total lymphocyte count, and height and weight was collected from the medical chart within 48 hours of admission. Nutrition screening could not be completed for a larger number of patients (60%) because data at admission were not available. Of the remaining 40% of patients, more than 50% had below normal values for one or more of the variables studied: serum albumin, hemoglobin, and total lymphocyte count. A large number of the patients (40%) also were considered at nutritional risk as judged by the criteria of weight/height (measured only). Early nutrition intervention for high-risk patients cannot be implemented, nor can the efficacy of nutrition services be evaluated, unless nutrition screening is carried out on patients at admission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Taste perception of children with chronic renal failure.

Taste sensitivity and preference in the suprathreshold ranges were compared for 20 pediatric patients with renal disease and 15 children with normal renal function. Nine patients had chronic renal insufficiency, and 11 had endstage renal disease. Subjects were also evaluated for various dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters. All subjects were asked to pull out a tape measure to rate the strength of five varying concentrations of aqueous solutions of sucrose, sodium chloride, and quinine sulfate. The subjects' abilities to judge increasing concentrations with greater perceived intensity were measured by calculating individual and group slopes. No significant differences in the values were found between the groups. Similarly, no significant differences in mean peak preference concentrations were found between the groups. The patients with renal disease were found to be considerably growth retarded (height and weight less than 5th percentile), with a mean caloric intake less than 65% of the RDA even after an adjustment had been made for height. Serum zinc levels were all normal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Efficacy of prenatal nutrition counseling: weight gain, infant birth weight, and cost-effectiveness.

A retrospective study on the effect of intensive nutrition counseling on weight gain of pregnant women and birth weight of their infants was conducted at an outpatient clinic by comparing one group of 86 women who attended only a nutrition class with another group of 114 women who attended the class plus multiple counseling sessions on appropriate weight gain and nutrient intake. The women receiving the counseling on an average gained 2.5 kg more weight, had fewer low-birth-weight infants (4% vs. 13%), and had infants weighing 100 gm more at birth. That indicates that intensive nutrition counseling results in a superior outcome of pregnancy. When the cost of intensive neonatal care for six infants was compared with the cost of nutrition counseling, a benefit-to-cost ratio of 1:5 was found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase in the aging lens.

Glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) show in bovine lenses a decrease in specific activity; furthermore, the heat lability of both enzymes increases with age monitoring structural changes of the molecules. GR activity was correlated with type of cataract in human lenses. Its decrease is significantly connected with cortical opacities. Superoxide dismutase activity declines in aging and cataractous lenses. These results support the assumption that in old lens tissue the capacity of the antioxidative scavanger system is diminished.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Assessment of continuing education preferences in Illinois.

A survey of Illinois Dietetic Association members was done to determine demographic characteristics and continuing education (CE) preferences. Nine hundred and seven usable questionnaires (39%) were returned. Preferences were related to present position, age, number of years in job, year of highest degree, and route to ADA membership. A high preference for nutrition care topics was associated with a high number of respondents employed as clinical dietitians. Members from the Chicago metropolitan area differed from other members in preferences for CE topics and reasons for nonattendance at CE programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Arrhythmogenic assessment of prenalterol in conscious dogs.

Possible arrhythmogenic side-effects of the positive inotropic agent prenalterol were studied in conscious dogs, three to four days after coronary artery ligation. Prenalterol showed a propensity to cause arrhythmias in one out of eight dogs, thereby confirming published data from clinical studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Inhibition of Anatid herpesvirus replication by phosphonoacetate.

Phosphonoacetate was found to be an effective inhibitor of the replication and cytopathic effects (CPE) associated with Anatid herpesvirus (AHV) infections in avian cells. In low multiplicity of infection (MOI) (10(-3) or less) infected Pekin duck and chicken fibroblast cultures, the dosage required for a 50% plaque reduction was approximately 20 microgram/ml. The amount of the inhibitor needed for complete prevention of CPE was found to be MOI dependent with up to 190 microgram/mL required at a MOI of 1.1. Delayed addition of phosphonoacetate to AHV-infected cultures resulted in differing CPE. When added before 25 h postinfection, the CPE were largely prevented. Added between 25 and 40 h postinfection, the CPE consisted of nonproductive, nonperforate focal areas containing viable and nonviable cells. The focal areas did not appreciably increase in size or number in the continued presence of phosphonoacetate, were chromophilic, and tended to be replaced by morphologically normal cells, provided the presence of phosphonoacetate was continued. Maintaining phosphonoacetate in the presence of infected cultures for periods of 7 days or longer resulted in curing and a complete loss of infections virus in the medium and in cell lysates.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Improvement in plaquing methods for the enumeration of anatid herpesvirus (duck plague virus).

The Holland strain of anatid herpesvirus (AHV) was 2-to 10-fold more efficiently plaqued under liquid medium or semisolid medium containing methylcellulose than in media containing agar, agarose, or Nobel agar. Virus adsorption was complete in 45 min, with the maximum virus titers obtained under liquid medium at 48 h postinfection. The AHV dose-response curve was linear. Pekin duck embryo cultures were more efficient than CCL-141 in plaque response and gave the maximum virus yield per cell. Virus titers were independent of avian cell passage number (to 6), fetal or newborn calf sera (to 10% v/v), and the presence of polyions during adsorption. The host range included cells from several species of Anseriformes and Galliformes.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Granulomatous hepatitis as a manifestation of quinidine hypersensitivity.

Histologic pictures have been conflicting in previous cases of quinidine-associated hepatitis. We report a case of reversible granulomatous hepatitis from quinidine hypersensitivity, with granuloma induction occurring within three days after readministration of quinidine. Fever, urticaria, and mild thrombocytopenia were associated clinical findings. Both light and electron microscopic study results are reported.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

Transplant size and elevated intraocular pressure. Postkeratoplasty.

Elevated intraocular pressure after keratoplasty is a well-recognized phenomenon both in aphakia and in combined lens extraction and penetrating keratoplasty. Ninety-two consecutive cases of penetrating keratoplasty procedures were studied. These were randomly assigned to group A or B. Group A received a donor transplant 0.5 mm larger than the recipient bed. Group B received donor buttons equal in size to the recipient bed. Intraocular pressure was measured preoperatively and daily until the patients were discharged. Group A, which had aphakic penetrating keratoplasty or the combined procedure (0.5-mm larger button), also had significantly lower intraocular pressures (P less than .001) than group B (same size button). There was no difference in postoperative intraocular pressure between groups A and B for those who had phakic penetrating keratoplasties. A larger donor size can alleviate induced "aphakic keratoplasty glaucoma."

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Plasma somatomedin and growth hormone values in children with protein-calorie malnutrition.

This study was undertaken to define the interrelationships of somatomedin, growth hormone, and an inhibitor of SM in protein-calorie malnutrition. Twenty-seven patients, eight to 60 months of age, were studied. Twenty-one well-nourished children acted as controls. SM was significantly depressed at Days 2 and 8 (p less than 0.01) but was not different from controls at Day 29 and 50. In ten out of 27 Day 2 samples and six out of 27 Day 8 samples an inhibitor was identified. When SM values were compared to simultaneous hGH levels, there was an inverse relationship. The low SM levels in the face of markedly elevated hGH levels suggests a functional block in the synthesis and/or release of SM.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

Enzyme polymorphisms as genetic signatures in human cell cultures.

The electrophoretic resolution of seven relatively polymorphic human gene-enzyme systems expressed in tissue culture cells can be used as a sensitive genetic monitor for intraspecific cell contamination. An identical genotype at each of the same allozyme loci provides a 95% (or greater) confindence estimate of the identity of two cultured lines, on the basis of the allelic frequencies of the seven enzyme loci in natural populations and in populations of independently derived cultured cells. Of 27 commonly used human cell lines examined, only one of 351 pairwise comparisons proved genetically indistinguishable.

Adenosine Deaminase↗