Biomedical subjects

R Oosaki

Publications and source records attributed to R Oosaki.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Bronchial hypersensitivity in asthmatics in long-term symptom-free state.

Improvement of asthmatic symptoms was shown to be closely associated with a decrease in bronchial hypersensitivity to histamine inhalation. Thus, the patients' clinical backgrounds were compared between 26 long-term cases whose symptom-free state lasted more than 1 year and 15 short-term cases whose symptom-free state ceased within 1 year. Among backgrounds, only the intrinsic type of asthma was significantly higher in number in the long-term group than in short-term group (65 percent vs 27 percent). The histamine threshold after the patients became symptom-free was significantly higher in the long-term group. In the short-term group, the values of PC20 just before the termination of the symptom-free state were all less than 5,000 mg/L of histamine. However, in the long-term group, the values of the PC20 for the final test were mostly over 5,000 mg/L. Decrease in bronchial hypersensitivity is considered to be a very important aim of therapy in bronchial asthma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[A clinical study on asthmatic patients who were readmitted after a short period of discharge].

We conducted a clinical study on asthmatic patients who were readmitted within three months of discharge. During twelve years (1979-1991), the number of patients who were readmitted within three months was 139 cases (209 episodes) in our department. Patients with respiratory diseases made up 53% of the subjects. Among patients with pulmonary disease who were readmitted within three months, the number of patients with lung cancer was 25 cases and that with bronchial asthma 24 cases. Within a month period, the number of readmitted patients with bronchial asthma was the largest 59% (19 cases) and the number of patients with lung cancer came second (4 cases). As for the characteristics of these asthmatic patients, the intrinsic type (15 cases), those with a history of over one year of the disease (20 cases), and those with steroid dependency (10 cases) were most commonly observed. Readmission occurred frequently between October and April. Readmission occurred frequently because of asthmatic attacks due to infection of reduction of steroid. Among asthmatic patients who were readmitted within one month, the disease severity was mild to moderate in 11 out of 19 patients, but there was a tendency for this to become intractable thereafter. It is impossible to prevent all patients from seeling readmission within a short period of discharge. However, we think the doctor's careful education of the patients is an important factor to reduce the early readmission rate of asthmatic patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[A case of bronchial asthma whose disease activity was associated with changes in serum alkaline phosphatase linked-immunoglobulins levels].

A 67-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with status asthmaticus. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level was elevated and ALP-linked immunoglobulins (ALP-Igs) were detected by ALP isozyme analysis. Treatment with prednisolone resulted in improvement of her asthmatic symptoms and serum ALP level. Thereafter, elevations of serum ALP and ALP-Igs levels were seen whenever she had an asthmatic attack. She had no manifestations of autoimmune diseases. Changes in ALP-Igs levels in association with asthmatic activity suggested that ALP-Igs were related to the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma in this case.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical analysis of cancer patients with bacteremia for the past ten years (1982-1991).

A trend in bacteremia associated with malignancies was studied in 159 cancer patients (pts) over the past ten years (1982-1991) in our university hospital. The proportion of female, aged persons and patients from the Int Med Dept had a tendency to increase in the later 5 years compared to the former 5 years. There was no significant change in proportion among G (+), G (-) and fungus groups. However, St. aureus has a tendency to increase among G (+) bacteria and Ps. aeruginosa among G (-) bacteria. The clinical features of the cancer patients with bacteremia were different depending on the types of organisms or kinds of underlying malignancies.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of reduction of inhaled corticosteroid on bronchial hypersensitivity in asthmatics.

We retrospectively assessed the effect of reduction of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) inhaler (BDI) on bronchial hypersensitivity in asthmatics whose respiratory threshold of histamine (RT-Hist) once reached a normal level of > or = 10 mg/ml with BDI treatment. In a study period of 1988-1992, 19 out of 44 patients had their RT-Hist of > or = 10 mg/ml, and the reduction of BDI was undertaken in 10 cases. Cessation of bronchodilators did not result in the increase of bronchial hypersensitivity in patients undergoing BDI treatment without the dosage change. When BDI was reduced from 8 puffs/day to 4 puffs/day, the RT-Hist did not drop below 5 mg/ml in 6 out of 8 patients (success rate = 75%). When BDI was reduced from 4 puffsday to 2 puffs/day, the success rate was 37.5% (3/8). Cessation of BDI was unsuccessful in 3 patients (0/3). Conversely, the RT-Hist did not drop below 10 mg/ml in all six cases whose BDI was not reduced. This preliminary study suggested that cessation of BDP would be very difficult in most asthmatics, although its reduction would be successful in some cases.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction diagnostic method and risk factors for cytomegalovirus pneumonia.

In order to evaluate the diagnostic methods and risk factors for cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia, 22 patients with suspected CMV pneumonia were examined by means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serological (Ab) methods (complement fixation test = CF and enzyme-immunoassay = EIA: IgG, IgM). Thirteen patients showed positive for either the PCR or serological method; the PCR method was positive in 77% (10/13) (sputum = 8/10, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid = 3/4, peripheral blood = 3/12, urine = 2/11) and the serological method in 64%(7/11)(CF = 5/10, IgG = 3/11, IgM = 0/11). All patients diagnosed as having CMV pneumonia had underlying disease, most of which were idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and malignancies. Twelve out of 13 patients had been treated with steroids for long- or short (pulse)-periods. The cure rate was high for these patients whose PCR results became negative following anti-CMV treatments. These results indicate that a) the steroid treatment acts as a risk factor for the CMV pneumonia, b) the PCR method is a useful tool not only for early diagnosis but also for assessment of the therapeutic effect on CMV pneumonia, and c) concomitant assays of PCR and Ab may be preferable in making a conclusive diagnosis of CMV pneumonia.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

No significant effect of age of onset on response to anti-asthmatic medications in adult asthmatics.

In order to know the effect of age of onset on response to antiasthmatic medications in adult asthmatics, the changes in bronchial hyper-responsiveness and symptoms were retrospectively assessed following four to five month-treatments in patients with a less than two-year history of asthma. There was no significant difference in regimens among the three groups. The histamine PC20 value increased significantly from 456 to 1015 micrograms/ml in group A (20-39 yrs), 531 to 2363 micrograms/ml in group B (40-59 yrs), and 256 to 1148 micrograms/ml in group C (60 < or =) following the administration of the agents for four to five months. The percentage of patients who became symptom-free also increased significantly in each group along with a decrease in the bronchial hyper-responsiveness. There was no significant difference in the degrees of improvement in bronchial hyper-responsiveness and symptoms. These results suggest that the age of onset of asthma may not be related to the response to anti-asthmatic medications in adult asthmatics.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Grouping of anticancer drugs based on administration method-related toxicity patterns in rats.

As part of the study of the appropriate usage of anticancer drugs, and the effects of the administration method (single dose, or divided doses) on the death rate from toxicity, five anticancer drugs (nimustine hydrochloride = ACNU, cyclophosphamide = CY, carboplatine = CBDCA, mitomycin C = MMC, vindesine = VDS) were studied in F-344 rats. A reduced death rate from toxicity was achieved by divided-dose administration of ACNU and CBDCA (group 1), but it was higher for CY and VDS (group 2), and there was no significant difference with MMC (group 3). In conclusion, the drugs were divided into three groups according to the administration method-related toxicity patterns. Improved knowledge of the properties of anticancer drugs is important for the success of chemotherapy.

Animals↗