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Biomedical subjects

R Ortiz López

Publications and source records attributed to R Ortiz López.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Do the new criteria of the American Diabetes Association lead to earlier diagnosis of type-2 diabetes mellitus?].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the period of time between the first occasional fasting hyperglycaemia (OFH) and the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), using the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria or the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. SETTING: Urban primary care centre. SUBJECTS: 104 patients with DM2 diagnosed between 1991 and 1995 who had a previous OFH. MEASUREMENTS: Age, gender and other risk factors, dates of the first OFH (fasting plasma glucose >= 110 mg/dl), the diagnosis according to WHO criteria (2 fasting plasma glucose >= 140 mg/dl or >= 200 mg/dl two hours after the oral glucose test tolerance (OGTT)) or with the ADA criteria (2 fasting plasma glucose >= 126 mg/dl), and the intervals in months between them. RESULTS: Of the 222 diagnosed patients, 104 (47%) had previous OFH. Age at diagnosis was 60.8 (SD 10.1) and 53% were women. OGTT was performed in 51 cases (49%). The median (range) of the interval between the first OFH and diagnosis was 16 months (0-101) for those who were undertaken an OGTT, and 45 months (1-104) for those who were not (p = 0.003). In these last ones, ADA criteria reduced the interval to 31 months (0-97) (p < 0.001). In 27 of these patients who did not satisfy both criteria at the same time, ADA criteria reduced the interval to 10 months (0-93) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Not performing the OGTT means a delay in diagnosis which can be countered by applying the ADA criteria.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMed2001

[Genetics and molecular medicine in cardiology].

The discoveries on molecular aspects of cellular function are changing the concepts of health and disease. All medical fields, including cardiology, have been enriched with several diagnostic test to determine predisposition and to detect molecular dysfunctions. This review on the genetic and molecular aspects of cardiovascular diseases is written at the Centenary of the rediscovery of Mendel's principles on heredity and at the time of the announcement of the end of the human genome sequencing task. The review starts with considerations on the pluricellular constitution of the human body, and the principles of genetics with their molecular bases; including a short description of the methods for gene mapping. The following sections give a historic synopsis on the concepts of medical genetics, molecular medicine, and the Human Genome Project. The review ends with a brief description of the spectrum of genetic diseases, using examples of cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiology↗
PubMed2000

[Type 2 diabetes mellitus: incidence and diagnosis at a primary care center].

OBJECTIVE: To find the annual incidence and reasons for type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), and the methods used to diagnose it, on the basis of the validation of a computerised record for 1991-1995. DESIGN: Retrospective, longitudinal study. SETTING: Primary care centre. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Of the 387 diabetics registered as new cases in the 1991-1995 period out of 17031 people over 14 who were seen, 21 were not diabetics, 60 were cases of late diagnosis or late recording, 75 came from another centre and 9 were type-1. All these were excluded. The mean age of the 222 (57.4%) real new cases was 59 (ED 11.4). 53% were women. The most common causes of diagnosis were the existence of previous with diagnostic hiperglycemia (50.9%) and the application of protocols for other cardiovascular risk factors (19.8%). The diagnostic methods were two basal glucaemias > or = 140 mg/dl (70.7%), 1 glucaemia > or = 200 mg/dl with typical clinical picture (6.7%) and oral overload of glucose (23%). 97% of cases were diagnosed at the centre itself. The density of annual incidence was 30.1 per 10,000 inhabitants. Prevalence at start and end of the study was 4.4 and 4.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and prevalence described are greater than described in other studies. The most common reasons for diagnosis were the existence of previous nondiagnostic hyperglycemia and the application of protocols for other risk factors.

Adult↗