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Biomedical subjects

R Oswalt

Publications and source records attributed to R Oswalt.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

College date rape: incidence and reporting.

The present survey based on 70% returns (N = 140) of a random sample of 200 women at one college indicated that, although 5% had been date raped, none reported the rapes to authorities due to feelings of self-blame and embarrassment. That rapes are not reported perpetuates a self-fulfilling prophecy that rapes do not occur. A victim of rape may feel she is the only one and may be reluctant to become the exception who reports. This denial by both collage authorities and victims does not encourage programs for prevention and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

College depression: causes, duration, and coping.

Analysis of 149 responses (based on a 15% random college sample) indicated that 90% considered they were or had been depressed at college. Depression was usually moderate and of short duration and associated with boyfriend/girlfriend difficulties, other social adjustment, and grades. These students turned to friends, themselves, and parents for help. Treatment could be provided by a college.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Self-perceived traumatic stress in college: a survey.

Most studies of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder have involved war veterans and victims of natural disasters and violent crime. To evaluate the incidence at college, 179 college students' responses were examined. Analysis indicated that there was a high frequency of self-perceived traumatic stress in this sample; 42% reported traumatic events, whereas only 6% would meet strict diagnostic criteria. Automobile accidents, deaths, and harassment were events perceived as traumatic. Most students turned to themselves or friends for treatment. Apparently traumatic events are more prevalent on campus than previously thought and (with the exception of rape) are rarely covered in prevention programs. College health authorities should be aware of the high incidence of perceived trauma, inform college students of potential stressors, and provide appropriate treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Sex, AIDS, and the use of condoms: a survey of compliance in college students.

To evaluate compliance with the suggestion that condoms be used during risky sexual activity, 206 college students' use of condoms during genital and anal sex was surveyed. Analysis indicated that 78% engaged in genital intercourse, and while 20% always used a condom, 44% used condoms less than half the time. Of the 10% engaged in anal sex, 90% did not use condoms. Students at highest risk (with the most partners) were using condoms least often. All respondents reported knowing AIDS was transmitted sexually. Nonetheless, reasons given for not using condoms were belief they knew their partners' sexual history or another form of birth control was being used. Results suggest that outcome studies are needed to assess programs which focus on behavioral change, including use of condoms.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

Blood donor motivation: a survey of minority college students.

Ninety-five percent of all blood donors are Caucasian. To investigate why minorities are under-represented as blood donors, a random sample of 120 minority college students were surveyed about attitudes and behavior regarding blood donations. This sample of minority students had donated blood at the same rate (33%) and for the same positive motivation (altruism) and negative motivations (for those who did not donate--fear, medical excuses, didn't think of it, no time) as Caucasian donors. The low rate of blood donations by minorities is not due to their membership in ethnic groups per se, but to other variables such as education and socioeconomic level. A recruitment strategy based on the results of this study is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of the one-session Eye-movement Desensitization Reprocessing procedure for eliminating traumatic memories.

Eye-movement Desensitization Reprocessing (EMDR) is a relatively new therapy technique originally reported to eliminate traumatic memories (rape, catastrophes) in one session. Early published research has tended to support the technique. However, there is controversy and at least one unpublished recent study by Rothbaum who reported only about one-half of her cases had successful outcomes. The present study was conducted as a preliminary evaluation in 1990. Our results were judged to be unsuccessful in five of eight cases and successful in three cases. Further, the cases with the most pathology improved the least. The techniques, cases, and outcomes are presented to provide additional data on this new and controversial therapeutic technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Societal influences on a thinner body size in children.

This study was designed to examine whether educational textbook illustrations portray children thinner since the turn of the century. 50 undergraduates each rated 54 third-grade text pictures (3 of boys and 3 of girls in each decade since 1900) on a thinness scale. Analysis indicated a significant trend in thinness for girls but not for boys. Concerns are raised about a connection between educational illustrations of children and eating disorders.

Adolescent↗