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Biomedical subjects

R Over

Publications and source records attributed to R Over.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Adult sexual orientation in relation to memories of childhood gender conforming and gender nonconforming behaviors.

Heterosexual, bisexual, and homosexual men recalled the extent to which they had engaged in gender conforming (masculine) and gender nonconforming (feminine) behaviors as a child. Adult sexual orientation was predicted as accurately by memories of childhood gender conforming behaviors as by memories of childhood gender nonconforming behaviors. However, childhood scripts as recalled by homosexual men were considerably more diverse. Twenty-two of 61 homosexual men reported having experienced few, if any, of the gender conforming behaviors and most, if not all, of the gender nonconforming behaviors. Another 18 homosexual men had the same profile of recalled childhood experiences as heterosexual men (high probability of masculine behaviors and low probability of feminine behaviors). Such diversity has implications not only for commentaries on the basis for homosexuality but for issues to be addressed in future research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Sexual arousal across phases of the human menstrual cycle.

Three experiments assessing sexual arousal to erotic stimulation at several phases within the menstrual cycle are reported. Cross-sectional as well as longitudinal comparisons indicated that the subjective sexual arousal elicited during fantasy depicting specific themes was stable across the menstrual cycle. Measures of physiological sexual arousal recorded during film episodes and during fantasy demonstrated only minor variation over the course of the cycle. In addition, processes that are known to mediate sexual arousal (such as mood state, recent sexual experience, vividness of imagery during fantasy, distaste experienced during erotic stimulation) remained constant across the cycle. Results from the three experiments provide no support for the claim that female sexual response varies systematically across the menstrual cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Multidimensionality of the content of female sexual fantasy.

A Female Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire (FSFQ) was developed from factor analysis of ratings through which women indicated the erotic potency of fantasies depicting nominated sexual activities. Five dimensions of sexual fantasy (genital, sensual, sexual power, sexual suffering, forbidden sexual-activity themes) are assessed by FSFQ. The extent to which themes within FSFQ were rated as sexually arousing correlated with the levels of physiological response recorded by vaginal photoplethysmography while women engaged in fantasy employing these themes. Sexual fantasy as assessed by the FSFQ correlated only moderately with scores on measures of non-sexual cognition such as the Imaginal Processes Inventory and the Betts Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery, and women with high and low scores on FSFQ were not readily differentiated by biographic and demographic variables. Contexts in which the FSFQ can be used are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Male sexual fantasy: multidimensionality in content.

Sixty-six men provided ratings of the extent to which they regarded fantasies depicting nominated sexual activities as sexually arousing. A Male Sexual Fantasy Questionnaire (MSFQ) with five subscales was constructed following factor analysis of these ratings. The subscales yield separate scores for fantasies representing sensual, genital, public sex, sexual dominance-submission, and sexual aggression themes. Levels of penile tumescence recorded while men engaged in fantasies depicting content represented in the MSFQ correlated with the extent to which these men earlier had rated these same fantasies as sexually arousing. Since ratings on the MSFQ did not correlate substantially or consistently with scores on the Betts Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery, the Imaginal Processes Inventory, and the Gordon Test of Visual Imagery Control, sexual fantasy may be mediated by processes different from those involved in non-sexual imagery and daydreaming. The need to validate use of the MSFQ in several clinical contexts is noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Psychophysiological assessment of male sexual arousal following spinal cord injury.

Adult males with and without permanent damage to the spinal cord were contrasted in terms of their sexual responsiveness to erotic stimulation in film, spoken-text, and fantasy modes. Among the 16 spinal cord injured (SCI) men who were studied, several who had anticipated they would achieve erection failed to do so, whereas others demonstrated penile tumescence during erotic stimulation despite claiming they had lost the capacity for psychogenic erection. Self-report is thus not a valid index of sexual responsivity following spinal cord injury. Levels of tumescence varied across modalities of stimulation in the same manner for SCI and non-SCI men, and within each modality the two groups demonstrated similar rates of buildup of arousal over segments of stimulation. The SCI men without erections should not be considered asexual since their subjective arousal paralleled the subjective arousal of the non-SCI men and the SCI men with erections.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Sexual fantasies of heterosexual and homosexual men.

Heterosexual men and homosexual men rated how arousing different sexual fantasies were and how often they had used these fantasies over the previous year. Within each group, sensual and genital same-orientation fantasies were more arousing than either public-sex or dominance-submissive fantasies, which in turn were more arousing than aggressive-sex fantasies. For both heterosexual and homosexual men the extent to which a fantasy was arousing correlated with the person's experience of the activity depicted in the fantasy. The frequency of use of a fantasy correlated positively with its arousal level but not always substantially so. The results are discussed in the context of the mediating role of fantasy in human sexual arousal.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Enhancement of fantasy-induced sexual arousal in men through training in sexual imagery.

Men who in earlier experiments in the same laboratory had been unable to enhance penile tumescence to any substantial degree by engaging in erotic fantasy were given two sessions of either sexual imagery training or general imagery training. Participants in the sexual imagery training program subsequently demonstrated increased physiological and subjective sexual arousal during unstructured as well as structured sexual fantasy. The gains were undiminished at follow-up, 1 month after the end of training. In contrast, general imagery training did not enhance fantasy-induced sexual arousal. Both training programs improved vividness of imagery, as assessed by the Betts QMI Scale, but only sexual imagery training led subjects to report that they were able to form sexual images with higher clarity when engaging in fantasy. Sexual arousal was thus enhanced through context-specific imagery training, a strategy commonly used in the clinical practice of sex therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Habituation and dishabituation of female sexual arousal.

Measures of subjective and physiological sexual arousal were taken within a session while women either viewed the same segment of erotic film on many occasions or employed the same sexual fantasy over a number of trials. For both film and fantasy there were significant reductions in subjective sexual arousal and average pulse amplitude during the course of repeated erotic stimulation. Subsequent presentation of novel erotic stimuli led to recovery in sexual arousal. Bases for habituation and dishabituation of female sexual arousal are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Effect of pheromones from male goats on LH-secretion in anoestrous ewes.

Pheromones from ram's wool or buckhairs lead to an increase in the LH pulse frequency, thus inducing ovulations in seasonally anoestrous sheep and goats, respectively. Indications exist that pheromones from one species may be active in the other one. The changes of the LH secretion pattern were used as a bioassay to demonstrate such an interspecies effect of either ram's wool or buckhairs. A clear increase in the LH pulse frequency was obvious in ewes after stimulation with buckhairs (p less than or equal to 0.001, n = 11), but was absent in does after application of ram's wool or its extracts. Organic solvent extracts from buckhairs were split into a neutral (FN) and an acid fraction (FA). The latter one was further divided into two subfractions (FA-I, FA-II) according to the chain length of the fatty acids. The most pronounced effect was found after FN (p less than or equal to 0.001, n = 12), but FA still remained significantly active (p less than or equal to 0.05, n = 9). The subfractions FA-I and FA-II, however, had largely lost the pheromonal activity. It is concluded that buck pheromones are active in sheep. The neutral fraction is likely to contain the bulk of pheromonally active substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Identifying subclasses of patients with rheumatoid arthritis through cluster analysis.

Nonhierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify 92 patients with rheumatoid arthritis drawn from a community rheumatology practice into 5 groups on the basis of biochemical measures and disease indices. The major differentiating variables were the number of active joints, number of damaged joints, overall disease activity, extraarticular complications, and history of joint surgery. Although the 5 subclasses were equivalent on measures of psychological functioning, they differed systematically on such health outcome measures as mobility, physical activity, and dexterity. Relationships between the taxonomy produced through cluster analysis and conventional classifications are discussed, and directions for further investigation are noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Age and scholarly impact.

The claim that older scientists generate research of lower quality than do younger scientists was tested through two analyses in which the age distribution of authors of frequently cited articles in psychology journals was compared with the age distribution of authors of low-impact articles published in the same journals. Most high-impact articles were published by relatively young psychologists, but so were most low-impact articles. When allowance was made for relative numerical representation, there was no evidence that publications from older scientists have less impact. Results are discussed in the context of methodological issues in evaluation of relations between age and scientific achievement.

Achievement↗
PubMed1988

Male sexual arousal across five modes of erotic stimulation.

Penile circumference changes and subjective sexual arousal were recorded when erotic material depicting the same sequence of events was experienced in five different modes: film, slides, spoken-text, written-text, and fantasy. Twenty-four men were tested within a repeated-measures design, with the order of presentation of modes counterbalanced across subjects. Sessions were separated by 24 hr or more. The highest levels of physiological and subjective arousal were found for film, while fantasy produced the lowest level of arousal. Slides, spoken-text, and written-text elicited intermediate levels of arousal, and these three conditions were equally potent. Factors relating to mode differences in arousal to erotic stimulation are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Correlates of fantasy-induced and film-induced male sexual arousal.

Penile circumference and subjective arousal were recorded while 66 men attempted to achieve erection by engaging in fantasy. Similar measures were taken while the same men viewed an erotic film. Not only was fantasy-induced sexual arousal relatively unrelated to film-induced sexual arousal, but the two sets of measures had different correlates. Over and above the contribution attributable to demographic and state variables, the subjects' rated level of fantasy during masturbation and their scores on the Betts QMI Scales predicted significant variance in subjective and physiological arousal. Subjects with low and high levels of fantasy-induced sexual arousal were differentiated on the basis of the vividness of their mental imagery as well as the frequency with which they used the most erotic sexual fantasies when attempting to achieve erection. In contrast to fantasy-induced arousal, film-induced arousal levels were independent of a person's capacity to form images.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Attitude changes following a sexual counseling program for spinal cord injured persons.

The attitudes of a sample of spinal cord injured outpatients toward a range of sexual behaviors were measured before and after participation in a counseling program. In comparison to the sexual attitudes of an untreated control group those of the sample group were found to be more permissive after than before the program. In addition, the counseling program, which operated in a workshop format over a period of 6 weeks, was favorably evaluated by participants on a number of criteria.

Adolescent↗