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Biomedical subjects

R Owen

Publications and source records attributed to R Owen.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Do children need routine preoperative blood tests and blood cross matching in orthopaedic practice?

A review of 315 children admitted for elective orthopaedic surgery on 346 occasions showed that 88.7% had a full blood count and 8.1% had serum urea and electrolyte estimations performed preoperatively. Two abnormal haemoglobin concentrations were found. One was known beforehand and the other clinically suspected. No other haematological or urea and electrolyte abnormality was found. On 82 occasions (23.7%) blood was cross matched. Blood was transfused on 15 occasions (18.3%) using 23% of cross matched blood. Routine preoperative full blood count, serum urea and electrolyte estimations are not indicated in healthy children. In our experience, only children who may need blood transfused postoperatively need a preoperative haemoglobin concentration estimation as a baseline. These are patients undergoing major spinal, pelvic girdle and upper femoral surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Calmodulin antagonists of improved potency and specificity for use in the study of calmodulin biochemistry.

Syntheses are described for a range of N-(omega-aminoalkyl)-5-iodo- and -5-cyanonaphthalene-1-sulphonamides. The selective activity of these compounds as inhibitors for calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.17) is compared with their activity for the calmodulin-independent but calcium-dependent enzymes protein kinase C and transglutaminase (EC 2.3.2.13). The results show a drastic improvement in the selectivity of effect for the 5-iodo-compounds compared with the widely-used drug, W7, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloronaphthalene-1-sulphonamide.

Calmodulin↗
PubMed1988

The impact of alcohol ingestion on the orthopaedic and accident service.

There is a well recognized association between the ingestion of alcohol and trauma. The incidence of orthopaedic injuries related to alcohol ingestion and requiring admission has not previously been reported. In a pilot study from the Royal Liverpool Hospital we found that in 22.4% of patients requiring admission, alcohol had been consumed prior to the accident. The incidence of spinal and ankle fractures was higher in the inebriated patients and the circumstances of their injuries differed from those who were sober. Injuries following drinking occurred mainly in young and middle aged males. We discuss simple methods of recognising problem drinking among accident and orthopaedic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Classification of congenital abnormalities of the sacrum. Patterns of associated dysfunctions.

Fifty-eight patients with a congenital abnormality of the sacrum were studied; a modified classification is suggested. Type 1a is characterized by an abrupt termination of the sacrum with an otherwise normal spinal column. Type 1b shows a similar sacral deficit, but with abnormalities evident higher in the spine. In Type 2 the terminal spine is malformed, and in Type 3 there is posterior sacral dysraphism. A high incidence of concomitant congenital abnormalities was found in Types 1 b and 2. Bladder dysfunction in the absence of typical clinical signs was often found in Types 1a and 1b.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

Nitrous oxide constricts epicardial coronary arteries without effect on coronary arterioles.

The authors sought to determine the effects of nitrous oxide on both epicardial coronary artery dimensions and intramyocardial coronary arteriolar tone. Nine dogs were anesthetized with fentanyl-pentobarbital-oxygen. High resolution angiograms of the left coronary system were obtained, and cross-sectional areas of the proximal, mid, and distal left anterior descending and proximal circumflex coronary arteries were quantitated using a computerized analysis system. Measurements were made at three coronary perfusion pressures before nitrous oxide administration, and then repeated following the addition of both 30% and 60% nitrous oxide. At the same time, coronary arteriolar tone was assessed by measuring coronary blood flow using 133Xenon washout. Sixty percent nitrous oxide was accompanied by constriction of the epicardial coronary arteries. Thirty percent nitrous oxide had a less marked effect. At 70 mmHg coronary perfusion pressure, following 60% nitrous oxide, mid left anterior descending cross-sectional area decreased from 4.6 +/- 0.3 mm2 (mean +/- SD) to 3.5 +/- 0.3 mm2. At 90 mmHg, area decreased from 4.57 +/- 0.3 mm2 to 3.69 +/- 0.4 mm2, and, at 110 mmHg, from 4.7 +/- 0.4 mm2 to 3.9 +/- 0.4 mm2 (P less than 0.01). Nitrous oxide had no effect on the relationship between coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption, indicating an absence of effect on coronary arteriolar tone. It is concluded that intramyocardial coronary arterioles and epicardial coronary arteries are dissimilar in their response to nitrous oxide. In the intact, anesthetized, normal dog, nitrous oxide does not affect coronary arteriolar tone. Sixty percent nitrous oxide produces constriction of epicardial coronary arteries.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Galeazzi fractures in children.

We have reviewed 41 children under 15 years of age with a fracture of the radius and disruption of the inferior radio-ulnar joint. Despite the fact that the joint injury had not at first been recognised in 41% of cases and a variety of treatments had been used, the final results of conservative management were generally good. The more distal the radial fracture, the greater were the problems encountered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Costectomy as the first stage of surgery for scoliosis.

Preliminary costectomy before Harrington instrumentation and fusion for idiopathic scoliosis allows direct excision of the rib prominence and better correction at the second-stage operation. The excised rib fragments are used as grafts, thus avoiding the need for a separate pelvic incision. The management regime and the technique of costectomy are described. The results in 42 children, most suffering from adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and all treated by this method, have been reviewed. Respiratory function in a group of these children has been compared with that of a group treated by Harrington instrumentation alone. Costectomy produced a significantly greater reduction in total lung capacity and peak expiratory flow rate but, providing the preliminary lung function tests were reasonably normal, the cosmetic and psychological effects of costectomy were very rewarding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Urinary retention in men after total hip arthroplasty.

A prospective study of sixty-four men was conducted before they underwent a total hip arthroplasty to try to identify the factors that are predictive of postoperative urinary retention. Although neither the urological history nor the physical examination provided information that was helpful in accurately identifying the patients who were at risk, those whose peak urinary flow rate was less than seventeen milliliters per second did have a statistically significant likelihood of the development of urinary retention. A system of management that we hope will reduce the incidence of this complication is proposed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Collagen genes and proteins in osteogenesis imperfecta.

Type I collagen is a heteropolymer of alpha 1(I) and alpha 2(I) chains, each of which is a separate product of genes localised to chromosomes 17 and 7 respectively. Molecular defects of type I collagen produce a group of inherited disorders of connective tissue primarily affecting bones, which are easily broken and collagen depleted (osteogenesis imperfecta). Sillence classifies these diseases into four groups, two of which are autosomal dominant and relatively mild, the others being either genetic lethals or responsible for very severe progressive disease. Here we describe two specific molecular abnormalities of type I collagen. One, a cysteine substitution in alpha 1(I) collagen, causes a mild Sillence type I disease, the other, a four base deletion in the C terminal extension of alpha 2(I) collagen, causes progressive Sillence type III disease in the homozygously affected patient and mild premature osteoporosis in his clinically symptomless parents. We have briefly reviewed a variety of other similar mutations causing various OI syndromes, which are tabulated, including various helical and non-helical deletions and a variety of structural protein changes. Several restriction fragment length polymorphisms for alpha 2(I) and alpha 1(II) collagens have also been described, and 5' EcoRI and 3' MspI polymorphisms for alpha 2(I) collagen segregate with Sillence type IV OI.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Slipped upper femoral epiphysis and primary juvenile hypothyroidism.

The pathogenesis of slipped upper femoral epiphysis is unknown but the condition has been linked with various endocrine disorders. Nine patients with slipped epiphyses in association with primary juvenile hypothyroidism are presented. In all patients, slipping occurred or symptoms developed in the affected hip before the hypothyroidism was diagnosed. A generalised pathology was suggested by the absence of trauma (8 patients), by bilateral slipping (6 patients), and by obesity and short stature in all patients. All cases had delayed skeletal maturation and characteristic metaphysial changes were seen on their radiographs. The clinical diagnosis of juvenile hypothyroidism can be difficult but it merits consideration in patients who have a slipped upper femoral epiphysis in association with short stature, obesity, delay in skeletal maturity, or any one of these.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The transverse posterior approach to the neck.

Traditional posterior approaches to the neck use a vertical craniocaudal incision which often leaves an unsightly scar. An incision along Langer's transverse lines of tension divides only the cross-fibres of the dermis and we have found the results of this approach encouraging: wound healing was uncomplicated and the cosmetic appearance excellent.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Dopamine D2 receptors in substantia nigra in schizophrenia.

Dopamine D2 receptors were assessed in samples of substantia nigra from controls and schizophrenics. Specific [3H]spiperone binding was significantly increased in both neuroleptic-free and neuroleptic-treated schizophrenics. This supports our previous suggestion that the increase in D2 receptors observed in striatum of schizophrenics is not wholly due to neuroleptic medication.

Aged↗