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Biomedical subjects

R P Saik

Publications and source records attributed to R P Saik.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

CNS actions of calcitonin gene-related peptide on gastric acid secretion in conscious dogs.

To determine the mechanisms of action of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in inhibiting gastric acid secretion, we studied awake male beagle dogs fitted with a chronic intracerebroventricular cannula and a gastric fistula. Synthetic rat CGRP (10 pmol/kg to 10 nmol/kg) given intracerebroventricularly or intravenously significantly inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. CGRP (1 nmol/kg) given intracerebroventricularly decreased acid secretion stimulated by 2-deoxy-D-glucose but not by histamine. CGRP-(1-14), [Tyr23]CGRP-(23-37), and [acetamidomethyl-Cys2,7]CGRP, the linear peptide molecule devoid of the disulfide bridge, did not affect gastric secretion. Ganglionic blockade with chlorisondamine, a vasopressin antagonist, naloxone, and truncal vagotomy did not abolish the gastric inhibitory action of CGRP given intracerebroventricularly. CGRP administered intracerebroventricularly and intravenously decreased gastric acid secretion, but not plasma gastrin concentrations stimulated by an 8% peptone meal. It is concluded that CGRP given intracerebroventricularly or intravenously inhibits gastric acid secretion in conscious dogs; the intact molecule appears to be necessary for biological activity; and inhibition of gastric acid secretion by CGRP in the dog is not mediated by the autonomic nervous system or vasopressin-, opiate-, or gastrin-dependent pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Changing patterns of gastrointestinal bleeding.

This study, a retrospective analysis of 351 patients with acute gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage, was undertaken to define patterns of disease and age-related operative and mortality rates and to determine changes over time related to changes in management. One third (116 patients) of the admissions had bleeding esophageal varices. Upper GI hemorrhage accounted for 85% (N = 200) and lower GI hemorrhage for 15% (N = 35). Emergency surgical intervention was required in 90 patients (38%), 40% of the upper and 29% of the lower GI hemorrhage patients. Benign ulcer disease accounted for 86% of the cases requiring emergency surgery and was treated with vagotomy and drainage and/or oversewing. Lower GI bleeding is seen in older patients; it has a lower operative intervention rate and a higher mortality. Stress bleeding as a surgical lesion has disappeared since 1979. A more assertive policy for surgical intervention has decreased operative mortality for all age groups. Bleeding duodenal ulcers are decreasing in incidence while gastric lesions appear to be increasing. These population-specific patterns, different from earlier periods, may have implications for training and patient management decisions.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Influence of age on mortality of colon surgery.

The geriatric population continues to grow and surgical decision making is often confused by the effect of aging. This study is part of an ongoing effort to determine surgical risk in the elderly population and to identify the significant factors affecting outcomes which could be used to plan surgical procedures. Records of 163 patients over 70 years of age with elective or emergency surgery (133 patients and 30 patients, respectively) were reviewed. There were 17 deaths. All deaths in a cohort of patients under 70 were examined as well. Ninety-five variables were explored to seek differences between groups. The patients who died, independent of age, were similar. Patients over 70 years of age who died differed from the survivors in many ways, both physiologically and in terms of disease state. Survivors were younger; did not have congestive heart failure; had better hepatic, renal, and pulmonary function; less extensive involvement if malignant disease was present; and fewer postoperative complications. If these factors were removed and only apparently normal physiologic characteristics considered, there were no differences in mortality between the patients over 70 years of age and younger patients. Age was less of a factor than physiologic status.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Total counts of antral gastrin cells: a simple direct method.

A simple technique has been developed to quantitate the gastrin cells (G-cells) from the pyloric antrum of the rat. The antrum was digested in pronase to suspend the epithelial cells. This cell suspension was counted and pelleted. The pellet was embedded in paraffin, sectioned, then labeled using the indirect immunofluorescence technique specific for gastrin. The percentage of G-cells was determined from photographs of fluorescing sections and total G-cell numbers were determined by relating these data to total epithelial cell counts. In 14 rats the average G-cell population totaled 1.03 +/- 0.21 X 10(5) G-cells/antrum. The technique is simple, time-saving and avoids the uncertainties inherent in previous procedures for the estimation of G-cell numbers.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Wound dehiscence. Pathophysiology and prevention.

A review of 32 abdominal wound dehiscences in a five-year period shows an incidence of 0.51%. Important factors are preexisting pulmonary disease, "malnutrition," intraoperative contamination (often minimal), gastrointestinal distention, and aggressive tracheobronchial toilet in the postoperative period. Incision direction and type of closure have little influence on dehiscence rates. Wound dehiscence results in a substantial prolongation of hospital stay. Promptly recognized and treated, wound dehiscence is no longer a highly lethal complication.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

Gastric tissue prostaglandin levels. Effect of vagotomy.

To determine tissue prostaglandin levels in antrum and fundus and to examine the effect of vagotomy and distention on tissue prostaglandin levels, truncal and parietal cell vagotomies were performed on rats that were killed at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively with antral and fundic prostaglandin E1 levels being determined. The fundus has considerably higher levels of prostaglandin than the antrum. No differences after any type of vagotomy however, were noted. It cannot be concluded from this study that increased prostaglandin levels result from vagotomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Metiamide: more than an H2-receptor antagonist.

The effect of metiamide on acid secretion and calcium uptake by the frog gastric mucosa was tested alone and in combination with histamine, pentagastrin, aminophylline, and dibutyrl cyclic AMP (db cAMP). Metiamide inhibited all stimulants including db cAMP which presumably acts intracellularly beyond the H2 receptor. Metiamide, therefore, actively inhibits at a point within the cell beyond the adenylated cyclase membrane receptor complexes. Metiamide also increases calcium influx into the parietal cell, suggesting yet another possible mechanism of inhibition.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Expanding indications for early parathyroidectomy in the elderly female.

In a study of fifty consecutive patients with hyperparathyroidism we have noted: (1) Automated laboratory studies have increased the incidence of diagnosed hyperparathyroidism, especially in the elderly. (2) Bone abnormalities and mental changes are the most frequent symptoms in this older population. (3) Natural history studies have produced some delay in surgical treatment, accentuating mental aberrations and bone-associated deficits. Especially in the elderly, the benefits in personality change, feeling of well-being, and lessened bone deterioration warrant early operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Cation and hydrogen ion effect on canine acid and gastrin output.

Differential stimulating effects on the parietal cell of dogs by calcium, magnesium and sodium were noted only at an alkaline pH. Acid inhibited the parietal cell, and antral perfusion did not cause gastrin stimulation at any pH level. The pH of the milieu of the parietal cell appears to be a more critical regulator of acid secretion than physiologic antral gastrin variation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Prostaglandin E1 inhibition of acid but not gastrin.

Prostaglandin E1, while inhibiting gastric fistula and Heidenhain pouch acid output in the dog, did not inhibit gastrin released by acetylcholine irrigation of an isolated antral pouch independent of pH effect. Some increase in gastrin was noted to PGE1 against a background of calcium infusion and following a meal. This increase is presumably due to acid inhibition and to an increase in intraluminal pH.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1978

Early appearance of abscess after biliary operation.

Three patients who had an air shadow and fluid levels within seven days after biliary surgery are discussed. In retrospect, this direct evidence of a postoperative abscess was overlooked because of its early appearance and other sources of fever that coexisted.

Aged↗