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Biomedical subjects

R P Schlegel

Publications and source records attributed to R P Schlegel.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Smoking cessation in family practice: the effects of advice and nicotine chewing gum prescription.

The efficacy of physician anti-smoking intervention with 289 patients in a family practice setting was assessed. The design included two treatment conditions, physician advice and physician advice plus the offer of nicotine chewing gum (NCG) prescription. A no-advice group permitted assessment of the effects of repeated testing. The NCG group had higher rates of abstinence at all follow-up points, but the difference approached statistical significance at 3 months only (p less than .10). Comparison of those who actually used NCG to all other groups revealed significantly more users were abstinent at 1- and 3-month follow-up. A similar pattern occurred for proportion attempting cessation and smoking reduction. A dose-response relationship of gum use to outcome was identified. Long-term users (greater than 20 days) had 86% abstinence at 3 months versus 18% for short-term users. Thus, NCG does appear to have a role in family practice for promoting short-term cessation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The relationship between perceived challenge and daily symptom reporting in type A vs. type B postinfarct subjects.

Previous studies have suggested that Type A individuals underreport both subjective fatigue and physical symptoms under conditions of ongoing challenge. The present study tests whether postinfarct Type A's also suppress fatigue and, more importantly, whether they underreport MI-related symptoms during the course of their daily activities. Subjects (N = 40) were post-MI middle-aged men participating in an exercise rehabilitation program, and were classified as Type A1, A2, B3, or B4 by the structured interview method on admission to the study. Laboratory fatigue ratings were obtained using the Borg perceived exertion rating scale during bicycle ergometer exercise. A diary method was used to obtain symptom reports and ratings of subjective fatigue, perceived stress, and perceived challenge during usual daily activities over a 2-week period. Results indicate that Type A postinfarct patients did not suppress fatigue relative to Type B's during the bicycle ergometer exercise. However, Type A's who scored high on perceived challenge during the course of daily living did report fewer symptoms than Type B's; clear negative correlation between perceived challenge and symptom reporting was observed for Type A's, in contrast to Type B's, who exhibited a positive relationship.

Fatigue↗
PubMed1980

Mass media in health promotion: an analysis using an extended information-processing model.

The information-processing model of the attitude and behavior change process was critically examined and extended from six to 12 levels for a better analysis of change due to mass media campaigns. Findings from social psychology and communications research, and from evaluations of mass media health promotion programs, were reviewed to determine how source, message, channel, receiver, and destination variables affect each of the levels of change of major interest (knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, intentions and behavior). Factors found to most likely induce permanent attitude and behavior change (most important in health promotion) were: presentation and repetition over long time periods, via multiple sources, at different times (including "prime" or high-exposure times), by multiple sources, in novel and involving ways, with appeals to multiple motives, development of social support, and provisions of appropriate behavioral skills, alternatives, and reinforcement (preferably in ways that get the active participation of the audience). Suggestions for evaluation of mass media programs that take account of this complexity were advanced.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1979

Religious affiliation and adolescent drinking.

Of high-school students who attend church, fundamental Protestants are less likely to drink than are liberal Protestants and Roman Catholics; nonattenders are more likely than churchgoers to be heavy drinkers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toward the development of self-help health behaviour change programs: weight loss by correspondence.

The goal of this study was to evaluate a correspondence weight control program, and to assess the impact of three program elements (weekly homework, interim weigh-ins, and participation deposits) individually and in combination. All treated participants received 15 weekly standard lessons by mail. Three program features were varied factorially: a) homework assignments, b) interim weigh-ins and c) a deposit refunded contingent on returning homework and/or attending interim weigh-ins. Participants were assigned randomly to active treatment conditions or a delayed treatment control group. Among treated males (N = 14), initial average weight loss and BMI reduction were 9.6 kg and 3.1 respectively; average net weight loss and BMI reduction at one year follow-up were 5.8 kg and 1.9 respectively. Among treated females (N = 128), initial average weight loss and BMI reduction were 3.1 kg and 1.2 respectively; average net weight loss and BMI reduction at one year were 2.3 kg and .88 respectively. Women in all treated groups, except lessons only, showed a greater BMI reduction than untreated controls at the end of treatment. Women in conditions including both homework and interim weigh-ins had greater initial BMI reductions (M = 1.6) than those who received lessons only (M = .76). At one year, net BMI reductions were comparable across all treated groups. Of the 42 women initially registered in conditions that included both homework and weigh-ins, 12 who denied joining other programs lost at least 4.5 kg (M = 7.1) during treatment, and 7 had a net loss of at least 4.5 kg (M = 8.0) at one year without apparent involvement in any other program.

Adult↗