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Biomedical subjects

R P Wenzel

Publications and source records attributed to R P Wenzel.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1972

Nasal secretion protein responses in patients with wild-type adenovirus disease.

Proteins were studied in nasal secretions obtained from Marine Corps trainees infected with wild adenovirus type 7 both during the acute phase of illness and after recovery. Illness was associated with a marked increase in the concentration of serum proteins in the secretions, and during inflammation there was no apparent barrier to the passage of large molecules (molecular weight 775,000) from the serum into the respiratory passages. At the time of virus isolation, trainees requiring hospitalization had less immunoglobulin A (IgA) in their secretions even though they had greater quantities of immunoglobin G (P < 0.05) and albumin than trainees followed in the field, whose secretions were also tested at the time of virus isolation. Base-line IgA and protein concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) in hospitalized trainees than in trainees followed prospectively in the field. The results suggest a nonspecific protective function for secretion protein, although we have not excluded the possibility that field study trainees were protected by specific neutralizing antibody present in the nasal secretion.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Natural history of symptoms of depression and anxiety during inpatient treatment on general medicine wards.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the frequency of criteria-based depression and anxiety in newly admitted medical inpatients and to determine the natural history of depressive and anxiety symptoms during hospitalization. DESIGN: Prospective structured assessment of criteria-based depression and anxiety diagnoses within 24 hours of hospitalization with routine follow-up depression and anxiety questionnaires until discharge. SETTING: A tertiary care university hospital and an affiliated Veterans Administration hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred twenty-eight adult patients admitted to internal medicine inpatient units between May 1990 and August 1990. MAIN RESULTS: On admission, 43 of the 128 patients inducted met the DSM-III criteria for major depression, while an additional six met the criteria for adjustment disorder with depressed mood. Only six patients met the criteria for panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or adjustment disorder with anxious mood at the time of admission to the study. Patients with high symptom scores on the anxiety and depression scales showed significant decreases in these scores without specific psychiatric intervention. Those who remained in the hospital 20 days or longer showed initial improvement and subsequently returned to baseline symptom levels of depression and anxiety. In approximately 9% of patients, symptoms of depression persisted or worsened. CONCLUSIONS: Major depression occurs more commonly than anxiety disorder in newly admitted medical inpatients but both resolve spontaneously in the majority during the course of hospitalization without specific psychiatric intervention unless the hospitalization is prolonged. One in ten will continue to show symptoms of depression.

Anxiety↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Susceptibility of nosocomial isolates of Candida species to LY121019 and other antifungal agents.

LY121019 is a novel analog of the polypeptide antifungal antibiotic echinocandin B. We investigated the in vitro activity of LY121019, amphotericin B, ketoconazole and 5-fluorocytosine against 131 nosocomial isolates of Candida species: C. albicans (n = 50), C. tropicalis (n = 30), C. rugosa (n = 12), C. parapsilosis (n = 11), C. lusitaniae (n = 10), C. guillermondii (n = 9), and C. krusei (n = 9). In vitro susceptibility testing was performed using a broth microdilution method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of LY121019 were less than or equal to that of the other antifungal agents against C. albicans and C. tropicalis but were generally higher for the other species of Candida. Paradoxical growth at high concentrations, but not at low concentrations, of LY121019 was observed with isolates of C. albicans and C. tropicalis.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro activity of mersacidin (M87-1551), an investigational peptide antibiotic tested against gram-positive bloodstream isolates.

We measured the in vitro activity of mersacidin (formerly M87-1551) against 183 clinical isolates (vancomycin susceptible) and 12 additional vancomycin-resistant strains of Gram-positive bacteria. The activity for mersacidin increased an average twofold (range, 1.7- to 7.6-fold) in a calcium-enriched medium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)90 for mersacidin was 8-32 times higher than vancomycin for staphylococci, 4-64 times higher for enterococci, and up to 32 times higher for other organisms tested. The MIC90 for MDL 62873, a comparison compound, was less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml for all species except Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MIC90, 4 micrograms/ml), and it was greater than or equal to 4-fold more active than vancomycin. Against selected vancomycin-resistant strains, mersacidin had MICs greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml for enterococci, 4-32 micrograms/ml for Pediococcus, and less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml for Leuconostoc species. Mersacidin may have some clinical utility in documented infections caused by staphylococci, nonenteric streptococci, Pediococcus, and Leuconostoc.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality assessment. An emerging component of hospital epidemiology.

Amid the national preoccupation for monitoring health care and health care providers, it is argued that quality assurance is basically an epidemiological pursuit. The study of the distribution and determinants of desirable health care--quality assurance--is best illustrated by the efforts of those who have worked to prevent and control the untoward outcomes associated with hospital-acquired infections. As such, infection control is the paradigm for quality assurance, and hospital epidemiology is the discipline best suited to deal with continual need for providing information for health care decisionmakers.

Cross Infection↗