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Biomedical subjects

R Panis

Publications and source records attributed to R Panis.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of ceftibuten after oral administration to healthy volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics of ceftibuten in plasma and urine were investigated after oral administration. Twelve healthy subjects were treated orally twice daily with 400 mg of the drug for 7 days; on day 8, the subjects received a last dose of 400 mg of ceftibuten. Ceftibuten and its metabolite, the trans isomer of ceftibuten, were assayed in plasma and urine by a specific HPLC method with UV detection. Ceftibuten was rapidly absorbed, as evidenced by the mean time to the maximum observed cis-ceftibuten concentration of 2.4 h. To describe the drug intake process, a Weibull model was used. For the metabolite, the mean time to maximum concentration in plasma was 3.25 h. Mean values for the terminal half-life in plasma were 2.17 h for cis-ceftibuten and 3.19 h for trans-ceftibuten. The overall elimination half-life, tmax, and total and renal clearances of cis-ceftibuten were invariant with respect to duration of dosing. The area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from 0 to infinity and the Cmax of this drug were significantly higher on day 8 than the values predicted from the elimination half-life computed on day 1 of treatment and the dosing interval. The pharmacokinetic parameters of trans-ceftibuten were invariant with respect to duration of dosing. Ceftibuten was well tolerated; there were no clinically significant adverse clinical events. The results from the present study indicate that the levels of cis-ceftibuten in plasma as well as in urine remain above the MICs for susceptible organisms over the dosing interval.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Intramyocardial distribution of hydroquinidine in the dog.

Hydroquinidine concentrations were measured simultaneously in the plasma and in right atrial and ventricular biopsy samples of four dogs in the steady state after eight days of oral sustained release hydroquinidine administration. The right ventricular concentrations were greater than the plasma concentrations in all samples (ratio 5.02(2.2)). In necropsy samples the ventricular concentrations were higher than the atrial concentrations, (ratio 1.54(0.36); p less than 0.01) and than the concentration in the sinus node region (7.72(1.85) ng.g-1 vs 4.21(2.6) ng.g-1). This study shows that intramyocardial pharmacokinetic measurements are possible and may help towards a better understanding of antiarrhythmic agents, particularly those with cumulative myocardial effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Vascular structure enhances regional resistance responses in mild essential hypertension.

Forearm blood flow (FABF) and forearm vascular resistance (FAVR) responses to sequential regional infusions of norepinephrine (NE) and angiotensin II (Ang II) were examined in 24 hypertensive and 18 matched normotensive subjects. Sensitivity to both vasoconstrictors, defined as the percentage increase in FAVR in response to the lowest dose of each agonist, was similar in the two groups. Also, the FABF response curve to the full range of both agonists did not differ between hypertensives and normotensives by analysis of variance (ANOVA). While the FAVR responses at the lowest doses of both NE and Ang II were similar in hypertensives and normotensives, FAVR responses in hypertensives diverged progressively from the normotensive response pattern, P less than 0.01 according to ANOVA. The hypertensives achieved greater maximum FAVR levels at the highest doses of both agonists, P less than 0.05 according to repeated measures ANOVA. After 10 min of ischaemic exercise, FAVR was higher in hypertensives than in normotensives (2.24 +/- 0.10 versus 1.87 +/- 0.08; P = 0.02, respectively). This value for FAVR was termed the minimum FAVR (mFAVR). The overall response pattern characterized by increased mFAVR, unchanged threshold sensitivity, steeper slope, greater maximum response and similarity of responses to both NE and Ang II is most consistent with a structural augmentation of resistance responses. A model was used in an effort to increase understanding of the vessel morphology. This model suggested that an increased wall/lumen ratio, perhaps without an actual increase in vascular smooth muscle mass, played an important role in the observed FAVR pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Mechanism of increased alpha adrenergic vasoconstriction in human essential hypertension.

Multiple components of vascular alpha adrenergic responsiveness were investigated in twenty-four men with mild hypertension and eighteen age- and weight-matched normotensive controls. Arterial plasma norepinephrine (paNE), an index of sympathetic drive, was increased in hypertensives compared to normotensives (mean +/- SE), 199 +/- 24 vs. 134 +/- 11 pg/ml, P less than 0.02. The effective concentration of intra-arterial (iaNE) increasing forearm vascular resistance (FAVR) 30% (NE-EC30, an index of vascular alpha-receptor sensitivity) was similar in normotensives and hypertensives, 9 +/- 1 vs. 13 +/- 3 ng/100 ml per min, respectively, P greater than 0.3. The phentolamine induced reduction in FAVR, an index of vascular alpha-tone, was greater in hypertensives, -21.3 +/- 1.8 vs. normotensives, -14.9 +/- 1.2 U, P less than 0.02. We interpret these data as evidence for normal vascular alpha-receptor sensitivity to norepinephrine in mild hypertensives. Consequently, the increased sympathetic drive in mild hypertensives explains the elevated vascular alpha-tone. Although vascular alpha-receptor sensitivity to iaNE was normal, the FAVR responses at high doses (reactivity) were greater in hypertensives to regional infusion of both NE and angiotensin II. This "nonspecific" enhancement of vascular reactivity is probably explained by structural vascular changes in hypertensives.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Risk of hepatitis in fibrin adhesion (author's transl)].

A prospective trial was performed on 146 patients, in whom fibrin tissue adhesive was applied during operations. 130 patients, who had received no fibrin glue, served as a control group, and were submitted to the same examinations as the first group of probands. In both groups we could not see any infections with hepatitis B.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1980

[Adenotonsillectomy in children with cleft palate. Indication, procedure, and results of 20 operations (author's transl)].

Between 1972 and 1978 adenotonsillectomy was performed in 20 children with cleft palate. There was a reduction in the infection rate with a reduced incidence of hearing loss and maxillary sinusitis. A slight risk of speech impairment has been reported but is acceptable with regard to the advantages. When indicated, a scrupulous adenotonsillectomy in cleft palate children is justified.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1980

[Computerized axial tomography in ORL diseases. Indications and advantages (author's transl)].

Computerized axial tomography enables the accurate diagnosis of acoustic neuromas by non-invasive means, and it should therefore be used after conventional radiological methods. Small neuromas often only show non-specific signs and in these patients contrast cysternography is still necessary. Up to the present glomus jugulare tumours were diagnostically confirmed by angiography. Now the CT scan is recommended not only for diagnosis, but also for after-treatment follow-up and recognition of recurrent tumour growth. Tumours that infiltrate the skull base should be assessed by this method since the extent of the lesion can be exactly measured.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1979

[Endonasal sinus surgery with endoscopic control for recurrent sinusitis in children (author's transl)].

Since 1976, 35 transnasal operations of the maxillary sinus with endoscopic control were performed in children as treatment for chronic sinusitis. After luxation of the inferior turbinate, a mucosal flap was developed to expose the lateral bony nasal wall. A sinus fenestra was then created to allow endoscopic control of the antrum during the operation. Gross pathological alterations of the mucosa were removed while most of the lining mucosa was preserved for recovery. 30 of the 35 children were followed from 4--18 months after surgery. 28 were without any discomfort. Although X-ray studies in many of the patients revealed mucosal swelling four weeks after surgery, the maxillary sinuses were well aerated 8 weeks after operation. Transnasal sinusotomy under endoscopic control is considered to be the treatment of choice for chronic sinusitis in adults and can now also be considered to be the treatment for similar disease in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Early cancer detection in the oro-pharyngo-laryngeal area: analysis of a regional screening project (author's transl)].

During a six months lasting screening project 6866 persons were examined free of cost. Inspection of the mouth, endoscopy of the naso-hypopharynx and larynx with the Wolf-endoscope after v. Stuckrad, and palpation of the neck were included. Every sixth person required further diagnosis or treatment. Precanceroses were found in almost 3%, and up to now malignomas were found in 0.3% of the screened persons. Among these 14 cases of cancer were 9 carcinomas of the larynx. This comparatively high percentage of precanceroses and cancer favors the endoscopic screening of patients with organ-related symptoms and of high risk groups.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Late sequelae of severe injuries to the viscerocranium: clinical, radiographic and CT findings].

After 1 to 7 years the late results of the surgical treatment of 21 patients with partly severe viscerocranial fractures have been evaluated by means of clinical as well as radiographic and CT examinations (with special thin sections and reconstructions). In demonstrating fractures and hemorrhages or mucosal swelling in the sinuses CT was found to be superior--except for fractures of the floor of the orbita and the nasal bone. Clinical dysfunctions and disorders included among others impaired eye motility (5), optic nerve lesions (2), bone prominences (14; predominantly at the orbital margins, in one case resulting in severe deformity of the face), dental and functional masticatory disorders (10), sinus problems and headache (11). The number of fractures that could be demonstrated by radiography and CT was reduced from 336 to 186, and that of fragment dislocations even to less than a quarter of the original figure. Apart from mucosal swelling and 2 hemorrhages, the sinuses--although in some cases severely injured--were well pneumatized again.

Adolescent↗