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Biomedical subjects

R Patterson

Publications and source records attributed to R Patterson.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Metacontrast masking between cyclopean and luminance stimuli.

This study investigated the functional equivalence between cyclopean (global stereoscopic) and luminance (local stereoscopic) stimuli. To do so, a metacontrast masking paradigm was employed to determine the level of perceptual interaction between the two stimulus domains. Four target and mask combinations were used: cyclopean target-cyclopean mask, luminance target-luminance mask, cyclopean target-luminance mask, and luminance target-cyclopean mask. Substantial intradomain masking occurred, with the form of masking being similar for both domains. Moreover, significant interdomain masking also occurred, in equal measure for the cyclopean and luminance stimuli, although the magnitude of masking was one-half that of intradomain masking. These results imply that there is a functional equivalence at some stage of the visual system between the mechanisms representing cyclopean and luminance stimuli.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Clinical and serologic follow-up of four children and five adults with bird-fancier's lung.

We report the clinical and serologic findings in four children and five adults with chronic avian hypersensitivity pneumonitis. All subjects were treated with corticosteroids and bird exposure was reduced or eliminated. After a variable period, ranging from 6 months to 10 years, their clinical and serologic findings were reassessed. In terms of symptomatology, chest findings, and pulmonary functions, all four children improved and four adults improved, whereas one adult had a progressive clinical deterioration, ultimately resulting in her death 5 years later. In terms of serologic data, precipitating antibody tended to persist, and antibody to avian antigens, as determined by ELISA, remained positive, although the titer declined. We conclude that, while serologic positivity remains, the prognosis for children and adults with chronic avian hypersensitivity pneumonitis is very good, provided that irreversible damage has not already occurred at the time of diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Malignant idiopathic anaphylaxis.

A patient with idiopathic anaphylaxis (IA), classified as generalized IA with frequent episodes, had original episodes in 1985 and has been managed and studied by the authors since 1987. Although her episodes of IA appear to have been controlled by prednisone, progressively larger doses of prednisone have been required. The patient was classified as a patient with corticosteroid-dependent IA, a subset of patients with IA in whom a remission cannot be induced with prednisone and in whom prednisone cannot be stopped. A trial of ketotifen is in progress without definitive effect on prednisone requirement. Because this corticosteroid-dependent patient with IA, which is potentially fatal, cannot be managed on less than 90 mg of alternate-day prednisone, we propose the term malignant IA to categorize such severe cases of IA.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Clinical and immunologic evaluation of 37 workers exposed to gaseous formaldehyde.

Thirty-seven workers exposed to formaldehyde (F) were evaluated to determine whether any of their respiratory or ocular symptoms were mediated by an immunologic response to F. Because there has never been a case of defined immunologically mediated respiratory or ocular disease as a result of exposure to gaseous F, we used clinical and immunologic criteria developed for immunologic respiratory diseases that result from inhalational exposure to trimellitic anhydride. A clinical assessment included review of a medical summary of history, physical examination, chest x-ray films, and pulmonary function studies. Serologic assessment was made with an ELISA for IgE and IgG to F human serum albumin. The final evaluation for immunologically mediated disease was based on both the clinical and serologic assessments. None of the workers had IgE or IgG antibody to F-human serum albumin or an immunologically mediated respiratory or ocular disease caused by F; however, some of the workers appeared to experience irritant symptoms caused by workplace exposure to F or other irritant chemicals.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The use of an immunoassay index for antibodies against isocyanate human protein conjugates and application to human isocyanate disease.

Serum IgG and IgE to isocyanate haptenized human serum albumin (HSA) were estimated by ELISA in 55 isocyanate workers who underwent isocyanate inhalation challenge studies in Montreal, Canada. The challenges were negative in 29 workers and positive in 26 workers. Isocyanate antibodies were estimated by ELISA index. The mean IgG indices were found to be significantly higher in the challenge-positive workers, and there was a similar trend for the IgE indices. Antibody specificities for toluene diisocyanate-HSA, diphenylmethane diisocyanate-HSA, and hexamethylene diisocyanate-HSA were determined by inhibition studies with a variety of isocyanate haptenized carriers. The other isocyanate substituted carriers were either noninhibitory or caused only partial inhibition as contrasted with the complete inhibition achieved by HSA conjugated to the isocyanate to which the worker was exposed. We interpret these specificity studies as indicating that the inhalation of isocyanates results in production of antibody that recognizes new antigenic determinants that develop from the coupling of isocyanates to homologous proteins.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1990

Immunoblot analysis of sera from patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: correlation with disease activity.

Immunoblot analysis was used to evaluate the IgG, IgE, and IgA responses to Aspergillus fumigatus antigen with the sera of five patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) before, during, and after suspected exacerbation of their disease. The results revealed a heterogenous antibody response, unique for each patient, to specific Aspergillus fumigatus antigens that correlated with the molecular weights of previously well-characterized antigens of importance in the immunopathogenesis of ABPA. A rating scale was devised for measuring band intensity that allowed the patient's antibody responses to be reproducibly semiquantitated. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated qualitative and semiquantitative information that is not available with other in vitro assays used in the study of patients with ABPA, such as ELISA. These initial results emphasize the need for additional evaluation of this technique to assess its potential clinical application in this disease.

Antigens, Fungal↗
PubMed1990

Medial (hamate) facet of the lunate.

One hundred sixty-five cadaveric wrists were dissected to assess the incidence of a medial (hamate) facet on the lunate and any associated pathologic conditions. Forty-seven of these specimens and 137 clinical patients' radiographs were reviewed to attempt to recognize and further assess the incidence of a medial (hamate) facet on the lunate. Two types of lunate were identified. Type I, in which there was no medial facet, was evident in 34.5% of the dissected specimens and type II, in which there was a medial facet, was evident in 65.5% of the dissected specimens. The medial facets in the type II lunates ranged from a shallow 1 mm facet to a deep 6 mm facet. Significant cartilage erosion with exposed subchondral bone at the proximal pole of the hamate, which was not identifiable by radiograph, was evident at dissection in 44.4% of the type II lunates, while none (0%) of the type I lunates had such associated hamate pathologic conditions. This type II lunate, with the high incidence of associated hamate pathology, may be an unidentified cause of wrist pain on the ulnar side.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

An electromagnetic cervical range-of-motion system and its sensitivity to environmental metal.

A three-dimensional cervical spine range-of-motion system was developed using an electromagnetic tracking system for data collection and a personal computer for analysis and graphic representation of the data. A test was designed to investigate the sensitivity of the electromagnetic device to the proximity of metal. It was found that position errors could be kept below 0.5 cm, and rotation errors could be kept below 1.3 degrees , if all metal was at least 33 cm from the source and sensor. The sensitivity of the system to metal should not cause serious problems in the typical clinical environment if simple precautions are taken.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1990

Spatiotemporal properties of stereoacuity.

This study investigated the effects of spatial and temporal luminance variations on stereoacuity across three experiments. In Experiment 1, the effect of counterphase flicker on performance was examined at five spatial frequencies. Flicker impaired performance at a high spatial frequency, whereas it improved performance at a low spatial frequency. In Experiment 2, the effect of sustained vs. transient temporal modulation on performance was investigated at four spatial frequencies. Relative to sustained modulation, transient modulation impaired performance at high spatial frequencies, but it affected performance little at low spatial frequencies. In Experiment 3, the effect of exposure duration on performance was examined at three spatial frequencies. Decreasing duration impaired performance at a high spatial frequency, but it affected performance less at low spatial frequencies. These results show that spatial and temporal variables interact to govern stereoacuity performance; stereoacuity is good only when tested with high spatial- and low temporal-frequencies.

Depth Perception↗
PubMed1990

Clinical trials: the role of the neuroscience nurse.

Participation in clinical drug trials is becoming a common expectation of many neuroscience nurses. Prior to assuming responsibilities associated with a research study, the roles, rights and responsibilities involved must be thoroughly understood. The effective neuroscience nurse brings to the research arena a thorough knowledge of the drug under study, outstanding skills as a clinician and a commitment to ensure the safety and comfort of the participant as the search is made for better and more effective drug regimens.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1990

A critical review of the use of Rogers' model within a special hospital: a single case study.

This case study presents a problematic patient who has been resident in a special hospital for mentally handicapped people for years due to a gross sexual fantasy disorder, continuous self-injurious behaviour and an array of disordered conducts which resulted in negative nursing reports. The introduction of Rogers' model, with its abstract finer conceptualizations produced an alternative framework by which to assess the patient. This holistic interactive model generated a paradigmatic shift in the nursing perceptions, at a conceptual level, which was manifested in their reporting behaviours. The results appeared to indicate a sudden and dramatic change in the patient's behaviour. However, alternative interpretations proved the more convincing on closer analysis. The use of Rogers' framework proved difficult in its practical application due to its underpinning requirements for role adoption and negotiation, both being problematic in a secure environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Rhesus monkey airway responses to substance P.

The tachykinin, substance P (SP), was used as a model to study airway and cutaneous responses in a group of normal rhesus monkeys or animals with IgE-mediated cutaneous reactions to Ascaris antigen (AA) alone or animals with both IgE-mediated cutaneous and airway responses to AA. Aerosolized SP (10 mg/ml) resulted in airway responses qualitatively similar in duration and pulmonary function abnormalities to AA. These SP airway responses were most closely associated with the presence of IgE antibody to AA and were not increased in animals with airway reactivity to AA. A dose response to aerosolized SP can be established. An enkephalinase inhibitor, thiorphan, did not potentiate SP airway responses but appeared to potentiate SP cutaneous responses in some animals. SP cutaneous reactions could be demonstrated and did not correlate with the IgE-mediated cutaneous dilution titers to AA.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1990

Human IgE, IgG and IgA antibody responses to T101, a murine monoclonal antibody against human lymphocytes: implications for pathogenesis, risk and avoidance of adverse immunologic reactions.

To study immune responses that may play a role in immediate-type allergic reactions (ITAR) and serum-sickness-like reactions that have been reported with administration of monoclonal antibodies (MAb), we measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serum levels of IgE, IgG, and IgA human antimurine antibody (HAMA) to T101, a murine IgG2a antibody that has been used in the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). None of 8 patients (4 with CLL, 4 CTCL) pretreated with T101 had elevated titers of any HAMA class tested as compared to normal control sera. All CTCL patients who had elevated total serum IgE levels, but normal total serum levels of other antibody classes, had significant rises in IgE, IgG, and IgA HAMA to T101 after intravenous MAb infusion. However, the CLL patients who were hypogammaglobulinemic failed to develop significant rises in HAMA. Three patients (2 CLL, 1 CTCL) had ITAR (e.g., urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm) associated with infusion of T101; prophylactic medication regimens based upon the control of radiographic contrast media reactions were used with apparent benefit in subsequent infusions in these patients. All 8 patients had negative immediate intradermal skin tests (1 microgram/ml) to T101 prior to its infusion. Our data confirm that (1) non-IgE-mediated mechanisms cause ITAR from this MAb, possibly by a mechanism inherent in the action of this MAb against lymphocytes, and (2) that isotypic antibody responses to MAb vary with the type of malignancy being treated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Immunologic hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by isocyanates.

The occurrence of hemoptysis, dyspnea, and bilateral pulmonary opacities progressed to respiratory failure in a 34-yr-old man. Recovery occurred with corticosteroid therapy. In the absence of evidence for an infectious etiology, the possibility of immunologic trimellitic anhydride (TMA) hemorrhagic pneumonitis was considered when the lung biopsy excluded Goodpasture's and other diseases and because the patient was a spray painter. Serologic evaluation for antibodies against TMA was requested. Because the immunologic studies for TMA were negative, and because the patient was a spray painter, immunoassays for three isocyanates conjugated to human serum albumin (HSA) were carried out although there was no specific history of isocyanate exposure at that time. High levels of IgG and IgE antibodies were detected against hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI)-HSA and toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-HSA. Further investigation documented exposure to spray paint that contained HDI and another isocyanate. The paint was sprayed on warm metal, and subsequently the worker developed an acute illness. Further plant studies were not possible. We propose that the pathogenesis of this case of hemorrhagic pneumonitis is immunologic because of uncontrolled exposure to HDI and TDI, is analogous to the immunologic hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by TMA, and should be considered as a possible cause of a similar acute lung disease after isocyanate exposure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1990

Erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Descriptive and therapeutic controversy.

Diagnosis and particularly the management of erythema multiforme and Stevens-Johnson syndrome are controversial in medical textbooks and thus in individual cases. In these diseases, fatalities may result from various causes, including secondary infection or visceral organ damage to lung, liver, or kidneys. We present a series of 13 cases managed by one group of physicians which demonstrates the controversy in certain cases, and we review the controversy in the medical literature. Corticosteroid therapy used in this series was considered beneficial in every case by the managing physician and lifesaving in some cases. There were no fatalities in this series. Although the summation may be considered as our opinion only, the frequently suggested "controlled trial of corticosteroid therapy" can probably never be done for ethical reasons, and series such as this will have to establish the standard of therapy.

Erythema Multiforme↗
PubMed1990

Nearly fatal idiopathic anaphylactic reaction resulting in cardiovascular collapse and myocardial infarction.

We report a case of nearly fatal cardiovascular collapse attributable to an idiopathic anaphylactic reaction in a 76-year-old man. The event began with gastrointestinal symptoms of abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting as manifestations of IA. The patient subsequently progressed to develop urticaria, flushing, cardiovascular symptoms of chest pain, hypotension, and eventually cardiovascular collapse and myocardial infarction over a five-hour interval. This case emphasizes that the potential for life-threatening cardiovascular events from IA exists in patients without previously defined cardiac risk factors.

Aged↗