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Biomedical subjects

R Patterson

Publications and source records attributed to R Patterson.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Brief report: evaluation of polymerized ragweed extracts by intradermal end point titration, RAST inhibition, and parallel line bioassay.

We have evaluated six polymerized ragweed extracts on the basis of RAST inhibition, parallel line bioassay, and intradermal end point titration. The results of the parallel line bioassay and intradermal end point titration are highly correlated (r = 0.995, df = 2, p less than 0.01). Both intradermal end point titration (r = 0.973, df = 4, p less than 0.01) and parallel line bioassay (r = 0.985, df = 2, p less than 0.05) are highly correlated with RAST inhibition. We have evaluated the utility of intradermal end point titration as a quantitative assay of relative allergenicity of polymerized extracts. The between assay reproducibility was derived by comparing a reference polymerized ragweed extract against itself. The 99% confidence limits of relative allergenicity were 53% to 188% when four assays were used. This compares favorably to the published 99% confidence limits of the parallel line bioassay 60% to 166% when three assays were used. Intradermal end point titration is highly reproducible, is highly correlated with RAST inhibition or parallel line bioassay, and thus is an appropriate bioassay of allergenic activity.

Allergens↗
PubMed1985

An indwelling cannula system for the primate eye.

An indwelling cannula system was designed as an instrument for chronic drug infusion into the vitreous cavity and tested in the cynomolgus monkey eye with repeated injections or continuous infusion using a pumping device. The cannula was passed through the pars plana and its tip situated in the vitreous cavity close to the macular area. Clinical observations up to 18 months did not reveal any adverse effects due to implantation. Histopathological observations from 1 week to 18 months after surgery revealed tissue proliferation around the cannula was minimal and localized only at the wound site, where proliferative tissue originated from the episclera and ciliary epithelium. Retina and choroid at the posterior pole showed normal morphology. Light microscopic autoradiograms demonstrated the function of this system. Injections of tritiated leucine through the cannula resulted in narrow bands of radioactive labelling of the photoreceptor outer segments corresponding to each injection. In contrast, chronic delivery using the pumping device resulted in a diffuse and wide band of labelling. These results strongly suggest that this system did not adversely affect the eye and that repeated intravitreal injections or chronic drug delivery into the vitreous are feasible using this system. Furthermore, autoradiographic results suggest that the drugs infused into the vitreous cavity spread readily into the retina.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Elephantiasis nostras 1984.

Elephantiasis nostras is a rare condition that usually presents as a persistent swelling of the lower extremity secondary to recurrent lymphangitis. We present a patient, originally referred for "angioneurotic edema of the lip," who presented with a history of several months of persistent swelling of the upper lip. There was probable evidence for recent infection of the lip that is consistent with the diagnosis of elephantiasis nostras. This disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of chronic persistent angioedema of the lip.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Chronic cutaneous granulomatous dermopathy: morphologic and serologic evaluation, differential diagnosis and pharmacologic control.

We report on a syndrome of disfiguring lower extremity cutaneous lesions of 6 years duration. Previous medical evaluations included 5 skin biopsies and several therapeutic regimens which did not alter the course of illness. The histologic interpretations of skin biopsies included panniculitis, papulonecrosis, and granuloma. One biopsy was interpreted as a localized cutaneous vasculitis with a wedge-shaped infarct. Infectious, collagen vascular, and factitious etiologies could not be demonstrated to explain the patient's lesions. The Chicago Dermatological Society included in their differential diagnosis bacterial allergy, including the tuberculoid reaction. Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the etiology was dismissed by negative cultures, histologic staining and failure of response to antituberculous therapy. Our report includes a series of immunologic tests that might be consistent with but do not definitively establish a bacterial hypersensitivity reaction to explain this patient's skin lesions. Despite a lack of proven etiology dramatic improvement occurred with corticosteroid therapy.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1985

Immunologic responses to intravenous streptokinase in dogs.

Streptokinase is used worldwide as a thrombolytic agent. Allergic reactions to streptokinase have been reported, but the immunologic mechanisms have not been well characterized. To develop a canine model of streptokinase immune responses analogous to human responses, four dogs received intravenous streptokinase infusions. Significant rises in IgG, IgA and IgM antibody levels occurred after streptokinase administration in three of four dogs; a fourth dog developed significant increases in IgG and IgA antibody levels. Two dogs developed immediate-type cutaneous hypersensitivity to streptokinase. One dog developed subacute dermatitis with eosinophilic infiltrates which was possibly a manifestation of an allergic reaction to streptokinase.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effect of inhaled leukotriene D4 in humans.

Leukotriene D, (LTD4) is a potent bronchoconstrictor that may play an important role in asthma. To better characterize the effect of LTD4 on human airways, normal, rhinitic, and asthmatic subjects underwent inhalation challenge tests with LTD4 and methacholine. In all subjects increasing concentrations of LTD4 produced a parallel decrease in specific airway conductance and flow at 30% of vital capacity measured from a partial forced expiratory maneuver (V30P). These changes occurred independent of any decrease in FEV1 or increase in functional residual capacity. The airway response to LTD4 was maximal within 2 to 3 min, persisted for approximately 30 min, and resolved over 1 to 3 h. Late effects were not seen. Rhinitic subjects were 3 to 5 times (p less than 0.01) and asthmatic subjects were 25 to 100 times (p less than 0.001) more sensitive than were normal subjects to LTD4. All 3 groups of subjects were 250 to 850 times more sensitive to LTD4 than to methacholine. Significant correlations were found between the concentration of LTD4 and the concentration of methacholine that produced a 35% decrease in specific airway conductance (r = 0.874; p less than 0.006) and a 30% decrease in V30P (r = 0.751; p less than 0.04). These results confirm that LTD4 is a potent bronchoconstrictor in humans, with a rapid onset of action and a prolonged effect. In contrast to previous reports, we found that LTD4 has an equal effect on both large and small airways and that both asthmatic and normal subjects have the same degree of increased sensitivity to LTD4 as to methacholine.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Responses of human airways to inhaled chemicals.

A variety of complex pulmonary immunologic responses may follow the inhalation of reactive chemical haptens. Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is an industrial chemical used as a plasticizer (and serves as a model of occupational immunologic lung disease). Sensitization to TMA can take several forms--IgE-mediated asthma and rhinitis, a late reaction in the lung which resembles hypersensitivity pneumonitis and an irritated airways syndrome. Antibody studies show that TMA can combine with bodily constituents to form new antigenic determinants (NADs) which are probably the most immunogenic form of the compound.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1985

Creating an indoor environmental problem from a nonproblem: a need for cautious evaluation of antibodies against hapten-protein complexes.

An epidemic of illness in three schools in New York State occurred in early 1983. An epidemiological review of the problem led to the conclusion that some of the symptoms could have been explained by irritant reactions to boiler exhaust gases but that a major factor was likely public concern about environmental contamination and heightened awareness of common minor symptoms and of exacerbations of chronic illnesses. Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) from polyurethane insulation had previously been suspected as a potential cause. An earlier investigation had found low levels of anti MDI-human serum albumin in a small number of subjects who did not have typical symptoms of identified MDI or other hypersensitivity syndromes. Similar antibodies were found in two of nine unaffected children in Chicago, who served as a comparison group. The identification of these antibodies, however, was inappropriately used to support the idea of a school contaminated with MDI in spite of the absence of detectable MDI in the environment. The availability of highly sensitive immunoassays should not be inappropriately used to accelerate the fear of environmental toxins when there is no clinical correlation.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1985

Prophylaxis against repeated radiocontrast media reactions in 857 cases. Adverse experience with cimetidine and safety of beta-adrenergic antagonists.

Eight hundred fifty-seven radiocontrast media (RCM) procedures were performed from 1974 to 1984 in 743 patients who previously had experienced an immediate generalized (anaphylactoid) reaction to RCM. During the 695 intravascular infusions of RCM, prednisone-diphenhydramine hydrochloride pretreatment of 415 essential repeated RCM procedures from 1974 to 1980 resulted in 45 (10.8%) reactions during which transient hypotension occurred in three (0.7%) patients. From 1980 to 1983, prednisone-diphenhydramine-ephedrine sulfate pretreatment of 180 procedures was associated with only nine reactions (5.0%) (chi 2 = 5.195). The addition of cimetidine hydrochloride in 1983 to 1984 was not useful in that 14 reactions occurred during 100 procedures (14.0%). The 21 patients who had been receiving beta-adrenergic antagonist therapy were protected as well as those who were not, in that none of 11 patients receiving the three-drug regimen had a repeated reaction and only one of ten patients receiving the four-drug regimen reacted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

IgE and IgG antibody against human (recombinant DNA) insulin in patients with systemic insulin allergy.

We demonstrated IgE and IgG antibodies to human (rDNA) insulin as well as to bovine and porcine insulin in the serum of two patients with systemic insulin allergy by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We also demonstrated IgE and total antibody binding to bovine insulin with the use of radioimmunoassays. Both patients had cutaneous reactivity to all three insulins. When the serum of one patient was preincubated with human, porcine, or bovine insulin, there was inhibition of binding of the patient's IgE and IgG antibodies to human insulin. The other patient had very low levels of IgE antibodies to insulin and thus only IgG inhibition was possible. Preincubation with human insulin inhibited binding of each patient's antibodies to bovine or porcine insulin. We conclude that, for these two patients, human insulin has all the antigenic determinants that bovine and porcine insulin have. Therefore, human insulin for these two patients will not eliminate insulin allergy in all patients with systemic allergy to animal insulin, because there are patients whose antibodies recognize determinants common to commercial human, bovine, and porcine insulin.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Daunomycin in the treatment of experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Effective doses in vitro and in vivo.

In previous studies the authors have shown that daunomycin, an anthracycline antibiotic, when injected into the vitreous effectively controls experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Here we show that by administering daunomycin intravitreally it is possible to achieve in vivo concentrations that prevent fibroblast proliferation in vitro. The authors have also determined that the half-life of daunomycin in the vitreous is 131 min, indicating that a critical concentration is maintained in the eye for longer than 4 hr after a single injection. Using 3H-daunomycin, the authors have found that the drug is eliminated across the retina; no significant binding of the drug to vitreous components occurs. These studies demonstrate that it is possible to define the kinetics of drugs injected into the vitreous; and a knowledge of the distribution of any drug in ocular tissues is necessary to effectively determine whether such drug is of therapeutic value.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Canine antibodies against formaldehyde-dog serum albumin conjugates: induction, measurement, and specificity.

Formaldehyde-dog serum albumin (F-DSA) conjugates were prepared as soluble haptenized proteins. The F-DSA reacted with rabbit anti-DSA. Change in electrophoretic migration of F-DSA as compared with DSA demonstrated conjugation. The more rapid migration toward the anode of F-DSA implied deletion of positive charges on DSA by conjugation with formaldehyde. F-DSA was antigenic for dogs when given intravenously as solution or subcutaneously in Freund's complete adjuvant. Intravenously administered formaldehyde resulted in an anti-F-DSA response, presumably caused by F-DSA forming in vivo. Canine IgG and IgA antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Canine anti-F-DSA has specificity for neither formaldehyde nor DSA alone, as determined by inhibition analysis, indicating that the antigenic determinant of F-DSA for dogs is a combination of formaldehyde and a new antigenic determinant formed on DSA. Immediate-type hypersensitivity occurred transiently in dogs immunized intravenously with formaldehyde or F-DSA. Finally, exposure of DSA to formaldehyde either in vivo or in vitro results in alteration of DSA molecules and an immune response to that altered DSA as well as to commercial DSA. Such results have previously been seen with formaldehyde in rabbits or with glutaraldehyde by other investigators.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Parallel induction of IgE-mediated Ascaris antigen airway responses and increased carbachol airway reactivity in rhesus monkeys by infection with Ascaris suum.

In continuation of studies of four rhesus monkeys infected with Ascaris suum (J Lab Clin Med 101:864-872, 1983), we report the duration of IgE-mediated skin reactivity and airway responses to Ascaris antigen from 15 weeks to longer than 2.8 years. A second group of four rhesus monkeys was infected with A. suum ova after determination of the threshold of airway reactivity to carbachol. Evaluation of these animals confirmed the initial results of the first group of animals studied in relation to induction of skin and airway reactivity to Ascaris antigen. In addition, all animals developed increased airway reactivity, demonstrated by increased reactivity to lower concentrations of carbachol. We report this as a demonstration of induced IgE-mediated antigen airway responsiveness accompanied by induction of increased airway reactivity in a primate model. The increased airway reactivity does not appear related to the induction of IgE antibody.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1985

Hirsutism in pregnancy.

Hirsutism developed in a 23-year-old woman during pregnancy. Her peripheral and ovarian vein testosterone and androstenedione levels were elevated. The elevated androgens returned to normal postpartum. Although the clinical presentation of this patient was similar in many respects to reported functional causes of pregnancy hirsutism, such as pregnancy luteoma and theca lutein cysts, it is unique because of the absence of ovarian enlargement, which is characteristically observed in the latter entities.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Immunology of streptokinase in human subjects.

Streptokinase is an effective thrombolytic agent used in various thrombotic diseases. Until recently, allergic reactions have not been well characterized. We report the clinical and immunologic correlations of three types of reactions to streptokinase (S) in man. These include IgE antibody to S which mediates anaphylaxis and immediate-type skin reactivity to S. This skin test may be predictive of those at risk for anaphylaxis. IgG antibody and S form antigen-antibody complexes which result in toxic immune complex disease including skin, renal and joint symptoms. This human response simulates the animal model of immune complex disease reported over two decades ago. Lymphocyte mediated reactions include local delayed cutaneous reactions with systemic malaise correlating with in vitro lymphocyte reactions to S. An immune response of rising IgE, immediate-type skin reactivity and rising IgG antibody occurred in two physicians volunteering for skin test analysis to S.

Anaphylaxis↗