Biomedical subjects
R Patterson
Publications and source records attributed to R Patterson.
Fibronectin and laminin distribution in bovine eye.
Using immunofluorescent techniques we have examined the distribution of the glycoproteins, fibronectin and laminin, in bovine eyes. As expected, both fibronectin and laminin were present in blood vessel walls and in all basement membranes, including the internal limiting membrane of the retina. Fibronectin, but not laminin, was observed arranged in fine fibrillar arrays within the vitreous body. The presence of fibronectin in the vitreous cortex and the occurrence of both proteins in the internal limiting membrane of the retina provide a morphologic suggestion of a role for fibronectin and laminin in vitreoretinal adhesion.
Early experience with the needle catheter jejunostomy.
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The activity of aerosolized and intracutaneous synthetic platelet activating factor (AGEPC) in rhesus monkeys with IgE-mediated airway responses and normal monkeys.
AGEPC, a synthetic platelet activating factor was studied by aerosol or cutaneous challenge in rhesus monkeys with or without IgE-mediated airway responses. The AGEPC qualitatively reproduced an antigen type of airway response. The monkeys with airway reactivity to antigen were reactive to lower concentrations of AGEPC than normal monkeys. Although very low concentrations of AGEPC produced cutaneous reactions, no cutaneous hyperreactivity was present in antigen-reactive animals. The threshold concentrations of AGEPC producing an airway reaction were 1/600 and 1/20,000 those of leukotriene D4 and histamine, respectively. These results could be consistent with AGEPC as a highly active mediator of airway responses in antigen-reactive airways of primates.
Occupational allergic disease initiatives.
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Hypersensitivity pneumonitis--general considerations.
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Development of polymerized allergens for immunotherapy.
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Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
Since 1968 the number of reported cases of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in the United States has risen secondary to increased awareness by physicians and to improved diagnostic criteria for identifying the disease. The eight diagnostic criteria, the five clinical stages of the disease, the common radiographic changes, the pathologic findings, the common laboratory findings, the possible pathogenetic mechanisms involved, the differential diagnosis, the acute and chronic pulmonary function changes, and the importance of corticosteroid therapy in treatment of exacerbations and prevention of further lung damage are reviewed.
Immunotherapy-immunomodulation.
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Anaphylaxis and related allergic emergencies including reactions due to insect stings.
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Allergic reactions to drugs and biologic agents.
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Glomerulonephritis and atopy.
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The eosinophil and the lung.
Current concepts regarding the morphology, constituents, distribution, and kinetics of the eosinophil allow an expanded understanding of the eosinophil's function in health and disease. In particular, certain eosinophil constituents may have beneficial effects (modulation of mast cell-dependent reactions and helminthotoxic properties), while others may produce detrimental effects (tissue destruction). Eosinophils may be clinically important in obstructive and infiltrative pulmonary diseases. In obstructive disease, a peripheral eosinophilia indicates reversibility, and the magnitude of the peripheral eosinophil count correlates with the severity of the reversible obstruction. Concerning infiltrative pulmonary disease, an updated classification of pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia, which is based on recognizable causes and syndromes, is presented, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, drug reactions, the hypereosinophilic syndrome, parasitic infestations, and the Churg-Strauss syndrome are specifically considered.
Vindesine: a phase II study in childhood malignancies-a report for cancer and leukemia group B.
Vindesine, a semisynthetic derivative of vinblastine sulfate, was tested for antitumor activity and clinical toxicity in 36 children. The drug was administered to the initial 13 patients entered into the study a 2 mg/m2/day for five days by IV bolus. Because of severe neurotoxicity and life-threatening gastrointestinal toxicity, the regimen in 23 patients was modified to 4mg/m2 IV infusion over four hours, weekly. This latter regimen was well tolerated, with acceptable gastrointestinal, hematological, and neurotoxicity. One child with acute lymphocytic leukemia resistant to vincristine had a transient M1 remission bone marrow. Improvement or stable disease was noted in one patient each with Ewing's sarcoma, neuroblastoma, and Hodgkin's disease.
The immune response in humans and rabbits to monomeric and polymeric grass allergens.
The antigenicity of polymerized grass (PG) and monomer grass (MG) was studied. As compared with MG, PG produces a similar immunologic response in rabbits as demonstrated by a tanned red blood cell (TRBC) passive hemagglutination assay or by total serum binding of perennial rye grass Group I antigens (RGGI). Six patients with allergic rhinitis sensitive to several grass pollens received an average of 60,000 protein nitrogen units (PNU) or PG. The initial dose was 100 PNU ans a maintenance dosage of 8500 PNU was obtained after six injections without systemic reactions in any of the patients. Serum binding of RGGI increased significantly in the PG-treated patients and this increase was quantitatively similar to that measured in a second group of six atopic patients previously treated for 1 year with a total of 100,000 PNU of a standard grass extract mixture. PG, like polymerized ragweed (PRW), has a reduced allergenicity while retaining immunogenicity. These data suggest that PG as compared to standard aqueous grass extract mixtures represents an improved form of immunotherapy for the atopic patients.
Skin temperature biofeedback for Raynaud's disease: a double-blind study.
The lack of control procedures inherent in most of the experiments conducted to assess the effectiveness of skin temperature biofeedback in the treatment of Raynaud's disease renders the results inconclusive. In this study, control groups and a double-blind approach are adopted. Thirty-six patients, carefully screened for a diagnosis of primary Raynaud's disease, were assigned to a skin temperature increase group (N = 12), to an EMG relaxation control group (N = 12), or to a notreatment control group (N = 12). All patients kept records of their symptoms for the duration of the study. Each subject in the two training groups received 20 sessions, the last 2 conducted under cold stress. data analysis according to original group assignment, as well as following regrouping of subjects according to several learning criteria, showed that while all patients reported a marked decrease in the number of vasospastic attacks, no significant differences were found among the three groups on the clinical measures used to assess symptomatic relief. The general improvement reported must therefore be attributed to nonspecific factors.
Cyclosporin A in orthotopic canine hepatic transplants.
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A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of polymerized whole ragweed for immunotherapy of ragweed allergy.
Immunotherapy with polymerized ragweed (PRW) has been demonstrated to be safe and effective when compared with monomeric ragweed or untreated controls. To further establish the efficacy of PRW, a trial was conducted comparing PRW, placebo, and no treatment in ragweed-sensitive individuals. In a double-blind manner, 21 patients were treated before the 1981 ragweed season with 15 weekly injections of PRW totaling about 50,000 PNU and 1200 microgram antigen E, while 19 patients were treated with 15 weekly injections of a caramelized glucose and histamine placebo. An additional control group received no injections. Blood was drawn for IgE against ragweed antigen E (IgE-a-AgE) and for blocking antibody against AgE before treatment, after treatment (before season), and after season. In the untreated patients, blood was drawn before season and after season. Daily symptom score sheets were completed by patients each day of the ragweed season. Blocking antibody rose more than 40-fold with treatment (p = 0.0001) in the PRW group but was unchanged in the placebo group with treatment. IgE-a-AgE rose with PRW therapy. Clinical efficacy of PRW was again confirmed in this study. Symptom score mean in the PRW group was statistically lower than the mean in the placebo group (p = 0.022) and in the untreated group (p = 0.018). There were no systemic reactions and only minor local reactions during treatment. In summary, PRW is an improved form of immunotherapy.