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Biomedical subjects

R Peräsalo

Publications and source records attributed to R Peräsalo.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Surgical outcome of phaco-emulsification combined with trabeculectomy in 243 eyes.

This study was conducted to determine how phaco-emulsification combined with trabeculectomy influenced intraocular pressure and need for glaucoma medication postoperatively. A retrospective analysis was undertaken of results relating to 243 eyes of 195 patients who had undergone phaco-emulsification combined with trabeculectomy. Pre-operative intraocular pressure decreased from a mean of 22.0 mmHg to 12.5 mmHg one week postoperatively with an average change of 9.5 mmHg. One month postoperatively, 70% of patients were without glaucoma medication. Visual acuity had improved in 80% of eyes. Phaco-emulsification combined with trabeculectomy resulted in excellent glaucoma control, good visual recovery and a need for fewer glaucoma drugs.

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PubMed1997

Phaco-emulsification of cataract in eyes with glaucoma.

This study was conducted to determine how phaco-emulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation influenced intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes with glaucoma, and glaucoma medication requirements postoperatively. A retrospective clinical analysis was undertaken of 226 eyes of 182 glaucoma patients who had undergone phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. IOP on the first day after operation increased from a preoperative mean of 17.1 mmHg (SD +/- 3.9 mmHg) to a mean of 20.7 mmHg (SD +/- 9.0 mmHg). One week after operation the average IOP was 17.4 mmHg (SD +/- 5.5 mmHg). One year after operation the average IOP had declined to 15.3 mmHg (SD +/- 3.1 mmHg). One year after operation 34% of the patients did not need glaucoma medication. If glaucoma is fairly well controlled (mean IOP preoperative 17.1 mmHg) phaco-emulsification alone can result in satisfactory IOP control in eyes with capsular and primary open-angle glaucoma.

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PubMed1994

The prevalence of macular degeneration in a cohort of institutionalized geriatric glaucoma patients.

Four hundred and twenty-five eyes of 213 instiutionalized geriatric patients (mean age 83.9 years), were studied. Fundus could be seen in 136 patients, in 234 glaucomatous eyes and in 37 eyes without glaucoma. A separate group of 100 control patients, matched according to age, sex and reasons for institutionalizing (mean age 81.3 years) was also studied. Fundus could be seen in 78 patients. There was no difference in the occurrence of diabetes mellitus among the study group and controls, but cerebral thrombosis occurred statistically significantly more often in glaucoma patients than in the controls. Macular degeneration occurred in 41% (56/136) of the glaucoma patients; in 27% (63/234) of glaucomatous eyes and in 43% (16/37) of nonglaucomatous eyes. Macular degeneration occurred bilaterally in less than half of the glaucoma patients. Macular degeneration occurred in 37% (29/78) of the control patients and bilaterally in most of the patients.

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PubMed1992

Electrocardiographic changes in institutionalized geriatric glaucoma patients.

A geriatric study was conducted on 213 institutionalized geriatric glaucoma patients (mean age 83.9 years) and 100 control patients (mean age 81.3 years). A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) analyzed according to the Minnesota code was recorded for 212 glaucoma patients and 95 control patients. The most frequent finding (in 56% of the glaucoma patients and in 38% of the control patients, P less than 0.05) was a negative or isoelectric T-wave, suggestive of ischemic heart disease. ECG findings suggestive of coronary heart disease (Q/QS patterns, ST-segment depression, negative or isoelectric T-wave, third or second degree AV block, left bundle branch block or right bundle branch block, intraventricular block or atrial fibrillation or flutter) was seen significantly more often in glaucoma patients (164/212; 77%) than in the control patients (59/95; 62%). Seventeen percent of the glaucoma patients had atrial fibrillation (AF), which was significantly more than for the control group (8/95; 8%). There was no difference in the number of ECG changes between patients with bilateral open-angle glaucoma and bilateral angle-closure glaucoma. The mean intraocular pressure of patients having AF (15.9 +/- 8 mmHg) was significantly lower than that of the other patients (18.4 +/- 11 mmHg) (P less than 0.05). Fifty-five glaucoma patients were considered blind (visual acuity less than 0.05 in the better eye). The visual acuity of patients having AF was lower than that of the other patients, and severe visual field defects (arcuate scotoma or a residual field in the temporal periphery) occurred, slightly more frequently in patients with AF (in 70% vs 51% of the other patients). Arrhythmias, especially AF, are connected with impairment of visual acuity and visual field defects in glaucoma patients. The result of this retrospective study indicate that ECG changes occur frequently, suggesting coronary heart disease in elderly glaucoma patients.

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PubMed1992

Optic nerve fiber loss in relation to atrial fibrillation and blood pressure.

This study investigates the relationship of atrial fibrillation, systemic blood pressure and nerve fiber loss. 213 institutionalized glaucoma patients (mean age 83.9 years) and 100 control patients (mean age 81.8 years) were examined ophthalmologically and analyzed for blood pressure. A 12-lead electrocardiogram, analyzed according to the Minnesota code, was taken for 212 glaucoma patients and 100 control patients. 17% of the glaucoma patients had atrial fibrillation (AF), which was significantly more than in the control group (8%). Patients with AF had lower systolic blood pressures (mean 146.5 mmHg) than the other patients (mean 153.7 mmHg). Visual acuity (VA) of the patients having AF was lower than that of the other patients. Severe visual field defects occurred more frequently in patients having AF (in 70% v.s. 42%). Patients with severe visual field defects and lower VA had lower systolic blood pressures than the patients with better visual fields and VA. 75% of geriatric glaucoma patients with AF and 64% of geriatric glaucoma patients without AF had intraocular pressures < 18 mmHg. Atrial fibrillation and low systolic blood pressure are connected with impairment of ocular functions of geriatric glaucoma patients.

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PubMed1992

The prevalence and type of glaucoma in geriatric patients.

A group of 100 institutionalized geriatric patients aged 69-94 years (mean 81.2 years) was studied at Koskela Helsinki Municipal Hospital. The selection of the patients was randomized by taking 100 patients having a birth-date divisible by five. Glaucoma occurred in 15% of the patients (14 women and one man). Six patients had bilateral primary open-angle glaucoma. One patient had capsular glaucoma in one eye and secondary glaucoma in the other eye. Eight patients had glaucoma only in one eye; three narrow-angle glaucoma, three primary open-angle glaucoma and two secondary glaucoma. Exfoliation occurred in 21 patients (26%, 21/80). Ten patients had bilateral exfoliation and 11 exfoliation only in one eye. IOP was measured in 75 patients, 150 eyes, with applanation tonometry, averaging 12.5 mmHg (SD 5.0), and in 22 patients, 44 eyes, with Schiötz tonometry, averaging 16.3 mmHg (SD 5.6). Visual acuity for long distance and also the reading acuity were greater than 0.3 in 66% (54/82).

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PubMed1987

Glaucoma of institutionalized geriatric patients.

362 glaucomatous eyes of 213 institutionalized geriatric patients 66-100 year of age (83.9 +/- 6.9 year) were studied. Of the eyes with open angle glaucoma (77%, 279/362) 51% had capsular glaucoma (CG). Of the secondary glaucomas (9%) half were neovascular glaucomas. The visual acuity (VA) of 13 patients could not be determined. More than half of the patients (114/200) were visually handicapped (VA in the better eye less than 0.3). 55 out of 114 patients were considered blind (VA less than 0.05 in the better eye). In the glaucomatous eyes the mean VA was 0.17, binocular VA for near was 0.28. 28 out of 110 eyes had Bjerrum scotoma, 21 eyes had complete arcuate scotoma and 41 eyes had a residual field in the temporal periphery. In the present study, the causes of blindness were distributed as follows: glaucoma was the only cause in 25%; cataract was one of the causes in 66% and macular degeneration in 24%. Because glaucoma is a major cause of visual impairment in the elderly population, and it is frequently discovered by chance, attention should be paid to this condition in persons over 65 years of age.

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