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Biomedical subjects

R Pradhan

Publications and source records attributed to R Pradhan.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Skeletal stability after correction of maxillary hypoplasia by the Glasgow extra-oral distraction (GED) device.

Maxillary distraction osteogenesis delivers excellent results, particularly in patients with clefts. In the past, devices such as the conventional facemask and the rigid external distraction device have been used to correct maxillary hypoplasia after a Le Fort I osteotomy. We describe a new device, the Glasgow extra-oral distraction device. The extent of skeletal and dental stability of corrections achieved in 10 patients with maxillary hypoplasia associated with clefts was satisfactory. This device costs little, can be produced in developing countries, and provides effective treatment for severe secondary deformity associated with clefts.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Archform in cleft palate--a computerized tomographic classification.

This prospective study was conducted in King George's Medical College, Lucknow, India amongst fifty cleft lip and palate cases to study the various arch forms. The maxillary arch form was traced from Computer Tomograph sections of all the cases pre and post-operatively. The various patterns of arch forms as observed from CT tracings exhibiting U & V shaped with sub-types denominated as posteriorly--convergent (c), divergent (d) and parallel (p). This simplified classification can be used in pediatric dentistry practice.

Child↗
PubMed2003

Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders in urban areas of Udaipur District, Rajasthan.

The present study was conducted on 6-12 years school going children of urban areas of Udaipur to assess the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders. The study revealed a goiter prevalence of 8.4 percent and biochemical deficiency of nearly 8 per cent but the median iodine levels of the study population was 20 mcg/dL. Iodometric titration of salt samples collected from the beneficiaries revealed that more than 85 per cent of the salt samples had within or more than the stipulated levels of iodine 15 ppm. It appears that the population is in the transition phase from iodine deficiency to iodine sufficiency due to successful implementation of salt iodisation program.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of three dosage regimens of buccal adhesive testosterone tablets in healthy men suppressed with leuprorelin.

We used a randomised, double-blind, crossover design to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of three doses of buccal adhesive testosterone tablets (BATT). Twenty-four healthy men, whose endogenous testosterone was suppressed to </=5.38 nmol/l with leuprorelin acetate, took BATT (10, 20 or 30 mg) daily for 10 days. There was a 4-day washout between treatments. Substantial testosterone absorption occurred from BATT, and mean serum testosterone, free testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations over 24 h showed circadian variation. Steady state was reached by day 5. Average 24-h concentrations for the three BATT doses were within the normal range for eugonadal men: testosterone 11.67-14.57 nmol/l, free testosterone 0.026-0.33 nmol/l and DHT 1.66-2.03 nmol/l. On all three doses, peak testosterone and free testosterone was reached 8-9 h after tablet application; DHT peaked about 1-2 h later, and declined more slowly. Hormone concentrations increased with BATT dose, but increases were less than dose-proportional. There was no evidence of testosterone accumulation. BATT was well tolerated.

Administration, Buccal↗
PubMed2000

Dorsal dislocation of the capitate.

We report a case of dorsal dislocation of the capitate and third metacarpal, and discuss the possible classification of this pattern of injury.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Integrated child development services scheme (ICDS) in India: its activities, present status and future strategy to reduce malnutrition.

Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS) provides an integrated approach for converging all the basic services for improved child care, early stimulation and learning, health and nutrition, water and environmental sanitation aimed at the young children, expectant and lactating mothers, other women and adolescent girls in a community. Its objectives are: To improve nutritional and health status of children of 0-6 years; to reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school dropout; to achieve effective co-ordination amongst various departments to promote child development; to lay foundation of proper psychological,physical and social development of the child; to enahance mother's capability to look after normal health and nutritional needs of the child. ICDS services are provided through a village based centre ie, the Anganwadicentre for the services of: Supplementary nutrition, immunisation, health check-up, referral services, treatment of minor illnesses, nutrition and health education to women, preschool education to children and supports for water supply, sanitation, etc. Several government departments and their services are co-ordinated at village, block, district, state and central levels. The Anganwadiworker is the most peripheral functionary which implements the programme services at the village/community level. In projects where able leadership has been provided, ICDS has been reported to be better. Though there are some shortcomings in ICDS, till future thrust of the programme is necessary for aiming of the upliftment of underprivileged section of the population. Operative research in various areas is suggested which can help in improving the efficiency of ICDS.

Child Development↗
PubMed1999

Planar anteversion of the acetabular cup as determined from plain anteroposterior radiographs.

In total hip replacement, orientation of the cup is critical to the stability of the prosthesis. A new method to determine the angle of planar anteversion is described. A simple mathematical formula uses the measurements taken from anteroposterior radiographs to calculate the planar anteversion without reference to tables or charts. An experimental study in vitro has shown the efficacy of the formula in giving results which are within a clinically acceptable range.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1999

Micronutrient deficiency disorders amongst pregnant women in three urban slum communities of Delhi.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of three micronutrient deficiency disorders (MDDs), i.e., iron deficiency, iodine deficiency and vitamin-A deficiency individually and in combination amongst pregnant women. METHODS: A hospital based study was conducted amongst 829 pregnant women of II and III trimester attending antenatal clinic, Rural Health Training Center (RHTC), Najafgarh, New Delhi. Anemia was assessed by the presence of clinical signs and by hemoglobin levels. Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) were assessed by clinical examination of thyroid gland and by urinary iodine excretion levels. Iodine content of the salt consumed by the pregnant women was also assessed by iodometric titration method. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) was assessed by the presence of clinical symptoms of nightblindness. Current dietary intake, morbidity conditions on the day of survey and anthropometric measurements of pregnant women were also documented. RESULTS: Prevalence of anemia, IDD and VAD amongst pregnant women was 78.8%, 22.9% and 4.8%, respectively. One per cent of the pregnant women had concomitant presence of all the three MDDs. Pregnant women having combined prevalence of IDD and anemia, IDD and VAD, and VAD and anemia was 15.1%, 0.18% and 2.69%, respecively. Eighty nine per cent of the pregnant women were consuming salt with iodine content of more than 15 ppm which was recommended at household level. Results on dietary intake showed that 18%, 34%, 85% and 57% of the pregnant women were consuming less than 50% of calories, proteins, iron and b-carotene, respectively as compared to their RDA. Forty per cent of the pregnant women were suffering from various morbidity conditions on the day of survey. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies amongst pregnant women of urban slum communities is high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

An ethnographic study of night blindness "ratauni" among women in the Terai of Nepal.

Night blindness is the most common ocular condition representing moderate-to-severe vitamin A deficiency in children. Very little, however, is known about maternal night blindness, which has recently been reported to occur frequently during pregnancy in parts of south-east Asia. In Nepal, the prevalence of night blindness is reported to be 16%. We carried out an ethnographic study of night blindness during pregnancy in the south-eastern, rural plains of Nepal as preliminary research for a case-control study of the determinants of this condition. The purpose of the research was to identify local terms and concepts of night blindness and to examine women's perceptions of its causes, symptoms, severity, and consequences during pregnancy. Data collection involved in-depth interviews, case studies, unstructured observations and structured anthropologic methods, such as free listing and quick sort ranking. Women considered night blindness to be an important illness of pregnancy, ranking it second (to vaginal bleeding) in perceived severity from a list of 15 "women's illnesses". Local terms for night blindness were identified in three different languages from the region. Informants described a complex ethnomedical model of night blindness that included causes, symptomatology, and treatment alternatives. However, there was no perceived link between food intake and the occurrence of night blindness. The major causes of night blindness were attributed to pregnancy, weakness, or "hotness". Some women sought treatment for the condition but most women chose not to treat it since they believed that it was a transient condition of pregnancy. Interviews with women who had previously experienced night blindness and home-based observations of women exhibiting concurrent night blindness showed that it adversely affected their activity patterns, especially those related to child care and food preparation. Night blindness increased reliance on family members to perform various domestic chores and was also associated with personal injury and accidents. The findings of this study have relevance for women's reproductive health and nutrition throughout the Indian sub-continent. A simple history of night blindness may be a practical tool to identify women with nutritional and health risks. Maternal night blindness should be more routinely investigated in vitamin A deficient areas of the world, both to define the magnitude of the problem, and to develop programs/interventions that specifically target this population.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed1996

Chronic low intakes of vitamin A-rich foods in households with xerophthalmic children: a case-control study in Nepal.

Dietary patterns in 81 rural Nepali households with a 1-6-y-old child with a history of xerophthalmia were compared with dietary patterns of 81 households with an age-matched nonxerophthalmic control subject. Weekly food-frequency questionnaires were collected from case and control "focus" children, a younger sibling (if present), and the household 1-2 y after recruitment and treatment of cases. Control households and children were more likely than case households and children to consume vitamin A-rich foods during the monsoon (July-September) and major rice harvesting (October-December) seasons. Cases were less likely to consume preformed vitamin A-rich foods throughout the year [odds ratio (OR) = 1.2-4.5] with the strongest differences observed from October to December (OR = 2.0-4.2). Dietary risks were generally shared by younger siblings of cases, suggesting that infrequent intake of beta-carotene and preformed vitamin-A rich foods begins early in life and clusters among siblings within households, a pattern that is consistent with their higher risk of xerophthalmia and mortality. In developing countries where vitamin A deficiency is endemic, dietary counseling for children with xerophthalmia should be extended to their younger siblings. Moreover, dietary intake of preformed vitamin A may be as, or more, important as carotenoid-containing food consumption in protecting children and other members of households from vitamin A deficiency.

Carotenoids↗
PubMed1996

Radiology in Nepal.

The joys of doing an international visiting professorship are the challenging environment and the enthusiasm of the indigenous students and physicians. Having previously taught radiology at the University of Nairobi, Kenya, for 4 months in 1992, I felt prepared for the advanced diseases, limited supplies, broken equipment, and challenging environment that I would encounter in Nepal. The Radiology Outreach Foundation sponsored me (W. E. Brant) for 3 months to teach radiology at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) in Kathmandu in the spring of 1995. I was concerned about how effective my teaching would be, how well I could relate to the local conditions of practice, and whether my English-only language skills would be sufficient. My hosts in Nepal proved as eager to teach me as to learn from me. I was captivated by the ability of the TUTH faculty to innovate. Nephrostomy drainage could be accomplished with a feeding tube or refashioned angiography catheter (Fig. 1). Complete aspiration of a hepatic abscess could and should be performed with a single needle at the time of diagnosis because the patient may never be able to return for follow up. One day's film review revealed every manifestation of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), as well as worms in the bile ducts and hydatid cysts in the liver. Without CT scanning, sonography was the prime diagnostic tool. Although my prepared lectures were well received, teaching is best accomplished while the daily film stack and with sonography transducer in hand. English is understood and well spoken by almost all physicians and medical students in Nepal. In this article, we discuss the current practice of radiology in Nepal.

Delivery of Health Care↗