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Biomedical subjects

R Pust

Publications and source records attributed to R Pust.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Apoptosis in human embryonal cell carcinoma: preliminary results.

Disorders in the regulation of apoptotic cell death may contribute to cancer. Furthermore, lymphocytes are supposed to play a role in counteracting tumorigenesis by inducing apoptosis in different human tumors. In this study, for the first time, tumor cell and lymphocyte apoptosis were investigated systematically in human embryonal cell carcinoma. DNA fragmentation and DNA condensation were measured simultaneously on double-fluorescence-labeled testis tumor sections using immunofluorescence microscopy. Different apoptotic indices (AIs), based either on biochemical (DNA fragmentation) or morphological criteria (DNA condensation) alone or on a combination of both, were determined in different histological regions in and around the tumor. Using morphological criteria alone, 40-75% of all apoptotic cells were not detected. Based on previous observations this finding might be related to subsets of apoptotic cells which induce the process of DNA condensation without activation of processes responsible for DNA fragmentation. Moreover, the AIs of tumor cells and lymphocytes were highest in the tumor region, compared with regions around the tumor and distant from it; these findings are discussed in the context of the Fas/FasL system.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1997

Commitment to the underserved: evaluating the effect of an extracurricular medical student program on career choice.

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to compare the practice locations and characteristics of physicians who participated as medical students in an extracurricular program to foster interest in careers of service to medically underserved populations with those of their classmates who did not participate in the program. METHODS: Using a mailed questionnaire, we conducted a cross-sectional study of graduates from the classes of 1983-1987 at one southwestern, public medical school. All Commitment to Underserved People (CUP) participants (n = 94) and a random sample of nonparticipating classmates (n = 188) were surveyed. CUP is an extracurricular project with components in each of 4 years of medical school that provides peer and faculty support, curriculum enrichment, and direct service to medically underserved populations. Outcome measures included the size of community of practice, practice type, and practice patient characteristics. RESULTS: Sixty seven (71%) of CUP participants and 126 (67%) of nonparticipants responded. CUP participants were more likely to be women, to specialize in family practice, to practice in the Indian Health Service (IHS) or overseas, to be located in a community of 25,000 or less, and to have participated in the state, service-payback loan program. In multiple regression, the specialty of family practice was associated with practice in a small community, the IHS, and a community health center; CUP participation was correlated with practice in small communities, the IHS, and a foreign country. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in the CUP program was associated with the specialty choice of family practice and with practice in settings associated with medically underserved populations. The CUP program has been successful in sustaining entering medical students' interests in underserved practice.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

[Bilateral ureteroiliac fistula coincident with radiotherapy and ureteral splint].

Fistulas between the iliac artery and the ureter are uncommon. Overall, fewer than 20 cases have been described in the literature. We report the first bilateral case, in which there was an association with indwelling bilateral ureteral stents and a history of radiation therapy following hysterectomy performed because of malignancy. The patient presented with massive gross haematuria.

Angiography↗
PubMed1992

Detecting malnutrition at age 6-12 months: international comparisons of arm circumference v. standard anthropometry.

Growth faltering, which may herald protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) usually begins between ages 6 and 12 months. However, arm circumference (AC or MUAC) has mainly been used to screen for PEM between 12 and 60 months of age, when AC is age-independent. This study of 378 infants aged 6-12 months in Pakistan, Nepal, Sierra Leone, and Papua New Guinea showed that a cut-off 12.5 cm AC selects infants < 80 per cent weight-for-age (WA) with 76 per cent sensitivity and 90 per cent specificity. Of the 378 infants studied 131 (35 per cent) had WA < 80 per cent and 126 (33 per cent) had AC < 12.5 cm. Weight-for-length agreed less well with AC. The inter-regional prevalence range of AC < 12.5 cm was 29-40 per cent, while the WA < 80 per cent range was 27-45 per cent. When AC is plotted against age, a flat 'plateau' (slope = 0.04) shows age-independence between 6 and 12 months in these 378; this contrasts to the 10 per cent AC increase in European reference populations. Because this AC plateau parallels the WA plateau seen between 6 and 12 months of age in most developing nations, AC < 12.5 cm may provide a simple and valid screening test for early PEM in this crucial age bracket. Conformatory studies elsewhere are indicated.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1992

Venous surgery in erectile dysfunction. The role of dorsal-penile-vein ligation and spongiosolysis for impotence.

We report here on our surgical experience with venous leakage of the cavernous bodies. Out of 159 patients operated on, 134 were available for long-term follow-up. Depending on the cavernosographic findings, one of three different surgical procedures was carried out: ligation of the deep dorsal vein of the penis, spongiosolysis, or ligation of the crura. 18% of the patients undergoing ligation of the deep dorsal vein, postoperatively attained spontaneous erections, while 35% needed adjuvant corpus cavernosum autoinjection therapy. Spongiosolysis gave a more favourable result: spontaneous erections in 30% and vasoactive drug-dependent erections in 35%. Crural ligation did not prove successful. No serious complications were encountered postoperatively. Our data suggest that venous surgery should only be offered to a selected group of patients comprising young impotent men with venous leakage, maybe in combination with arterial disease, and patients suffering from distal venous leakage. Old age, neurogenic disorders causing erectile dysfunction, and diabetes mellitus should represent exclusion criteria for venous surgery.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1992

Family practice specialty preference before and after a required clerkship.

Medical students' specialty preferences before and after participation in a required third-year family practice (FP) clerkship were compared to National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) results. Of 714 students studied, 18 (2.5%) changed their specialty preference away from FP during the clerkship and 66 (9%) changed their preference to FP. Sixty-nine (70%) of students who maintained a preference for FP pre- and post-clerkship matched in FP. Seventy-two students changed their specialty preference to FP and 19 changed their preference from FP during the clerkship; 32% of each of these groups matched in FP. Those with both pre- and post-clerkship preferences for other specialties matched in FP at a rate of only 4% but constituted 18% of everyone entering the specialty.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

[Thorotrast cancer following vesiculography in chronic prostatitis].

33 years after vesiculography using the X-ray contrast remedy Thorotrast on transurethral way in a patient with chronic prostatitis a carcinoma developed in the region of the vesical neck. Histologically the tumour imposed now as a differentiated urothelium carcinoma of medium degree. By autoradiography in the region of the tumour structures radioactive Thorotrast could be proved. On account of the close topographical relations and the long time of latency the development of the carcinoma seems to be ascertained by the then application of Thorotrast. The connections are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Reintervention after ureteroneocystostomy with special attention to replacement of ureter by an ileal loop (author's transl)].

After unsuccessful primary 'simple' ureteroneocystostomy using the methods of Frisch-Boeminghaus, Röhl-Ziegler, and Politano-Leadbetter, a second surgical intervention often can be performed after the methods of Boari and Küss. After unsuccessful primary 'combined' ureteroneocystostomy (Boari-Küss), a further ureter reimplantation mostly is not possible. In specially selected cases of unsuccessful ureterovesicoplasty we used an ileal loop as ureteral replacement. Our control period in 8 (14) patients is now up to 15 years. Long-term controls have shown in most patients a change to better renal function. The most important facts are the preoperative renal reserve and the original disease. After replacement of the ureter by an ileal loop a regular short-term control of urinary infection, blood urea and electrolyte balance is unavoidable.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1979

[Urinary bladder plastic enlargement with the use of autologous, homologous and heterologous skin transplants].

1. Expanded urinary bladder resection and the following replacement of the defect with various skin grafts were well tolerated by 161 cats. 2. Grafts of various species were shown to be of significantly different biomechanical properties. This depended on basic substance, compound and texture of collagenous and elastic fibres and the methods of conservation. Preoperatively the transplants were sufficiently resistent against urine and bladder pressure. 3. Within of few weeks postoperatively there was an increase in bladder capacity. This was more evident and arose in an earlier period than in cases without bladder wall replacement (x-ray-control). 4. Autologous grafts were infiltrated by young new tissue. Homologous and heterologous patches served as "guide" of regeneration. Complete transitional cell epithelium was proven to be present after four weeks in the predominantly connective tissue regenerates. The development of smooth muscle fibres in the regenerates is discussed. 5. The microcytotoxicity test showed a host response, but without clinically manifest rejection of the foreign transplants. 6. Apart from clinical urological application the results of this experimental investigation could be useful in general plastic surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Evaluation of hydroxyproline excretion in the urine (UHP) in prostate carcinoma].

82% of the male patients with healthy urogenital tract showed an isoelectric line in the stimulataneous EMG-derivation of the sphincter of the bladder under conditions of rest; in 18% of the males a moderate activity was present. In voluntary innervation at once an intensive electric activity of a spinle-shaped discontinuous pattern of the action potential developed in 76% of the patients. In the pressing trial in 83% of the cases a slight to moderately strong activity appeared. In contrast to the examined patients with healthy outlet of the vesicle the patients in whom an adenoma of the prostate gland or a carcinoma of the prostate gland, respectively, was present exhibited deviations from the normal pattern of the action potential, in which cases carriers of adenoma and carcinoma differed. Whether and to what extent the electromyography on the m. sphincter vesicae allows the possibility of the differentiation between adenoma of the prostate gland and carcinomaof the prostate gland in the early clinical stage shall be reserved for further examination.

Aged↗