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Biomedical subjects

R Putz

Publications and source records attributed to R Putz.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Measurements and variations in the region of the optic canal. CT and anatomy].

This investigation of the optic canal is based on measurements of 60 macerated adult European skulls from the Alexander-Ecker Collection at the Anatomy Department of the University of Freiburg. An indian skull is also described, in which the cranial end of the left optic canal is closed by a bony plate. Computer tomographical and anatomical measurements were compared in order to assess the correlation of the two methods of investigation and the accuracy of the CT representation of osseous structures. The coronal projection of the optic canal proved to be optimal for CT examination--the sections meet the optic canal at an angle of 85.5 degrees. The measurements of transverse diameters correlate poorly, whereas vertical diameters and distances correlate well. The extent to which anatomical variations can be assessed by CT was also investigated. All anatomical variants could be observed in coronal sections, except the bony lamina in the Indian skull, which could not be seen until a contrast medium was used. The so-called "keyhole anomaly" appeared in 3.3% in our material, the "figure-of-eight" variant in 2.5%, and a carotid clinoid canal in 13.3%.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Distribution of subchondral bone density and cartilage thickness in the human patella.

Subchondral bone density (by means of CT osteoabsorptiometry), and cartilage thickness (directly measured on photocopies of frozen sections), were examined in 30 human patellae, with an age range from 47 to 90 y. A surface demonstration of the distribution was prepared, and representative pictures produced by summation with a computer. Subchondral bone-density maxima were found in the proximal part of the lateral facet, and the density pattern interpreted as the expression of the long-term distribution of stress in the joint. It is reasonable to assume that cartilage thickness, of which two-thirds of the maximum values occupy a lateral position, is also dependent on the local stress. The 2 distributions show correlation coefficients > 0.5 in approximately a third of the cases we examined. Displacement of the higher values of cartilage thickness relative to the subchondral density maxima is attributed to incongruence in the medial part of the joint.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Anatomic-functional viewpoints in treatment of injuries of the spine].

The ligaments of the lumbar motion segment acting together constitute primarily a holistic system responsible for every static and dynamic phase of segmental control. Taking into account the elastic tension produced by the intervertebral disks and the partial constraint imposed by the vertebral joints, the lumbar motion segment may be regarded as a particular form of ligamentous mechanism. Its fiber bundles, which are for the most part nonelastic, usually make a contribution to segmental movement, although the extent of their involvement depends upon how far that movement has progressed.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1992

[Anatomic characteristics of the pelvic girdle].

The most recent methods of investigation (CT osteoabsorptiometry) were applied in an attempt to reconstruct from their morphological structure the way in which connections between the bones of the pelvic girdle undergo stress. Thus, both sacroiliac articulation and symphysis pubis show characteristic distribution of the subchondral bone density and layout of the tensile collagen fibrous material as expression of a strongly varying qualitative pattern of stress during walking. In the region of sacroiliac articulation are the highest subchondral densities, both at the cranial and caudal edges, whereas the central part of the two auricular surfaces is less heavily mineralized. This distribution matches the thickness of the hyaline cartilage of the joint. There are striking sexual differences in the distribution of the subchondral bone density at the bordering surfaces of the symphysis pubis. During walking, all components of sacroiliac articulation and the symphysis pubis are apparently subjected to sudden changes in stress. Independent of this, the os sacrum is constantly exposed to torque on account of the weight of the upper body, and this is balanced out by the sacrospinal and sacrotuberal ligaments.

Bone Density↗
PubMed1991

[Anatomic markers of the thorax and mediastinum].

A basic Survey of thoracic gross anatomy is given. The particular importance of the spacial relationship of the organs (Thymus, esophagus, heart, lungs), the tubular systems (vessels, bronchi) and their variations is stressed. The lymphatic pathways of the lungs and their surroundings are analyzed. Selected axial cuts illustrate the topographic peculiarities of mediastinum and pleural spaces.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Functional anatomy of the foot].

The foot is presented in all its complexity as an entity that is the result of evolution as a morphological compromise between the static and dynamic demands made upon it. The subchondral mineralization of the ankle joints and the morphology of the ligaments is described in detail. A point of particular interest is the plantar aponeurosis and the septa plantaria. Additionally, the kinematic and dynamic aspects are discussed with respect to their relationship to the whole foot. Finally, an overview of the most important vessels and topographical regions is given.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1990

[Pelvic abnormalities affecting the statics of the vertebral column].

Of all the bony anomalies of the pelvis, unilateral developmental disturbances of the body of the iliac bone and the lateral parts of the os sacrum mainly affect the statics of the vertebral column. After a short description of the normal development of the os coxae and os sacrum, an attempt is made to systematize these anomalies and explain them from a developmental point of view. This is achieved by studying anatomical specimens and clinical cases. Primary disturbances concerning the growing of the cartilaginous epiphysis itself or secondary disturbances, which result from unilateral muscular palsy, can be responsible for retarded development of the body of the iliac bone. Unilateral dysplasia of the lateral part of the os sacrum could be based on disturbances of the precartilage. This is also thought to be the reason for asymmetrical formations of so-called transitional vertebrae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Computed tomography-osteoabsorptiometry for assessing the density distribution of subchondral bone as a measure of long-term mechanical adaptation in individual joints.

To estimate subchondral mineralisation patterns which represent the long-term loading history of individual joints, a method has been developed employing computed tomography (CT) which permits repeated examination of living joints. The method was tested on 5 knee, 3 sacroiliac, 3 ankle and 5 shoulder joints and then investigated with X-ray densitometry. A CT absorptiometric presentation and maps of the area distribution of the subchondral bone density areas were derived using an image analyser. Comparison of the results from both X-ray densitometry and CT-absorptiometry revealed almost identical pictures of distribution of the subchondral bone density. The method may be used to examine subchondral mineralisation as a measure of the mechanical adaptability of joints in the living subject.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1989

[The course of the superficial temporal artery. Anatomic studies as a prerequisite to arterial biopsy].

The superficial temporal artery, together with its branches, was dissected in 161 half-heads, and the course of these vessels mapped against a newly-developed grid which can be adapted to conform to the proportions of each individual skull. The practical aim of this investigation was to establish the position of that incision which has the highest probability of being well-placed for taking a biopsy from the frontal branch of the artery. In 86.3% of the authors' specimens it was possible to reach this vessel through a 2.5 cm incision running up-ward and posteriorward at an angle of 45 degrees to the "upper horizontal line" from a point 1-1.5 cm behind the intersection of this line with the "lateral border of the orbit". The commonest type of ramification, with two terminal branches, was found in 94.6% of the specimens. Type 2 (with three terminal branches) occurred in 2.5% and Type 3 (with a single terminal branch) also in 2.5% of the cases. The level of the bifurcation of the superficial temporal artery varied between a point 2 cm below the "German horizontal line" and a second point 2 cm above the "upper horizontal line". The main trunk of the vessel was found to make an angle of 82.2 degrees with the "German horizontal line", its frontal branch running upward and anteriorward at an angle of 40 degrees to this line.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1988

Granulocyte-activating mediators (GRAM): III. Further functional characterization of monocyte-derived GRAM.

As shown previously monocytes upon stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) release granulocyte-activating mediator(s) (M-GRAM) which induced a long-lasting chemiluminescence (CL) response in human granulocytes. M-GRAM could be separated from interleukin-1 alpha and beta, interleukin-2, interferon alpha and gamma, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), since these cytokines are shown to be unable to induce a significant CL response. In contrast, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and particularly tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are important triggers of the oxidative burst and they are capable of inducing a CL response. TNF activity but not lymphotoxin (LT) activity could be demonstrated in M-GRAM samples. A polyclonal rabbit IgG as well as a monoclonal antibody to recombinant human TNF which neutralized the TNF activity in M-GRAM preparations did not substantially block the CL signal. Furthermore, M-GRAM-induced CL response was not significantly inhibited by a polyclonal calf antiserum to human recombinant GM-CSF. For further functional characterization of M-GRAM-induced granulocyte activation different assays were performed in order to compare GM-CSF and TNF: (a) SOD-inhibitable cytochrome C-reduction (.O2-); (b) horseradish peroxidase-mediated oxidation of phenol red (H2O2); (c) the release of peroxidase; (d) ultrastructural detection of hydrogen peroxide production; and (e) scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Significant release of .O2- was induced by M-GRAM, TNF, and GM-CSF, whereas H2O2 production was significantly stimulated only by M-GRAM and TNF, as shown by functional and ultrastructural assays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Biological Factors↗
PubMed1988

[Functional anatomy of the elbow joint].

An attempt has been made to describe the combined action of the bony elements of the elbow joint, together with the capsular ligaments, as a single unit. Particular emphasis is laid upon the mechanisms that prevent abrupt limitation of movement. The account of the periarticular structures, including the adjacent muscles, is followed by a discussion of the various possible surgical approaches to the joint. Finally, a general survey is given of the kinematics and kinetics of the elbow joint. It is suggested that the distribution of the hyaline articular cartilage and the density of the underlying bone are morphological reflections of the stresses acting upon the joint. It follows that the axial pressure acts upon both the ulnar and the radial components of the elbow; therefore, if the joint is to remain stable, at least one of its distal bony elements must be functionally effective.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1988

[The function of the coracoacromial ligament].

The function of the coracoacromial ligament was investigated in 8 dissecting-room scapulae. Strain gauges were attached around the coracoid process and the acromion, and tension (50 or 100 N) applied through the remaining muscle stumps. The results showed that, after division of the ligament, significantly more distortion could be measured in the acromion than in the coracoid process, which suggests that the 'stay' effect of the coracoacromial ligament is stronger for the former. Since the degree of distortion is largely dependent on the direction of pull, the ligament is interpreted as a dynamic brace between the two processes of the scapula.

Acromion↗
PubMed1987

[Traumatic scapho-lunate dissociation. Functional analysis, surgical therapy and results].

The traumatic scapho-lunate dissociation represents a heavy lesion of the carpal ligaments. The instability and incongruity of the joint causes a considerable loss of the function of the hand. The mechanical situation of the proximal carpal row is demonstrated on the base of anatomical investigations and the mechanism of the accident in a subluxation-rotation injury is shown. The therapeutic consequences are pointed out and the author's own operations procedure (reconstruction of ligaments) with results is presented.

Carpal Bones↗
PubMed1987

The thickness of the calcified layer in different joints of a single individual.

The thickness of the articular cartilage and its calcified zone were both measured at specially chosen places in several limb joints from five subjects. The volume of the calcified zone expressed as a percentage of the total cartilage was not only constant for one joint, but also in all the joints of a single individual. Nevertheless, the variation between subjects ranges from 6.9 to 8.6%. In two cases both sides of the body were investigated. As was the case in an earlier investigation on the femoral head, the bilateral distribution of the thickness was the same. Since the thickness of the total cartilage varies with the local distribution of loading in the joint, it follows that the thickness of the calcified layer also depends upon mechanical factors. Five subjects is too few to allow correlation with age or sex to be either refuted or confirmed. There is some evidence in the existing literature that the thickness of the calcified zone may be altered by disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The thickness of the calcified layer of articular cartilage: a function of the load supported?

The thickness of both the articular cartilage and its calcified zone were measured at 25 carefully selected points in 8 human femoral heads, and the ratio of one to the other was found to be remarkably constant for each bone. The thickness of the calcified zone therefore shows the same distribution pattern as that of the total cartilage and, since the latter is dependent upon the distribution of the load, the thickness of the calcified region also appears to be related to mechanical stress. The volume of the calcified zone, however, expressed as a percentage of the total cartilage, varied considerably from one bone to another within the range from 3.23 to 8.8%. Too few specimens were examined to allow correlation with age or sex to be either refuted or confirmed.

Calcification, Physiologic↗
PubMed1985

The functional morphology of the superior articular processes of the lumbar vertebrae.

The bony trabeculae in the superior articular processes of the lumbar vertebrae form a series of overlapping pointed arches that correspond to the lines of stress produced during rotation. By using a photoelastic model, it has been possible to demonstrate that this structural arrangement is a functional adaptation to alternate lateral and medial bending movements. The functional significance of the articular processes is obviously to limit rotation, which can take place in the lumbar segment of the vertebral column during any asymmetrical movement of the body. The alternate bending movements of the superior articular processes arise partly from the laterally directed pressure of the corresponding inferior process, and partly from the medially directed pull of the firm 'transverse strengthening ligaments' of the joint capsule.

Aged↗