[Anatomy, consequences and treatment of congenital stenosis of the lacrimal passage in new born infants].
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Congenital Abnormalities↗
Biomedical subjects
R Putz
Publications and source records attributed to R Putz.
[Anatomy of the orifice of the nasolacrimal duct].
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Embryo, Mammalian↗
[The architecture of the subacromial space after full thickness supraspinatus tears].
AIM: The etiology of rotator cuff tears is multifactorial. An important factor is the damage of the rotator cuff by narrowing of the subacromial space. The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the influence of various metrical parameters on the size of the subacromial space. METHOD: We investigated 161 human macerated scapulae, 36 of them had a known tear of the supraspinatus tendon. All scapulae were photographed in two standard positions from the front and the lateral side. Defined distances and angles were measured using an image analyzing system followed by statistical analysis. RESULTS: Shoulders with a tear of the supraspinatus tendon showed a trend towards higher incidences of hooked acromions. Furthermore we found a significant higher incidence of elongated oval shaped glenoids in the group with supraspinatus tendon tear. In comparison to normal shoulders a significantly smaller distance from the top of the glenoid to the tip of the acromion and a greater distance from the top of the glenoid to the tip of the coracoid process was measured. In addition there was a significantly smaller coracoid angle and a smaller glenoid-spinal angle in this group. CONCLUSION: The width of the subacromial space depends on various parameters. Our data suggest that besides the acromion type the shape of the coracoid, the acromial angle, the spine-scapula angle and the cavitas-spine angle should be taken into account for diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.
Acromion↗
[Development and growth of the epiphysis].
Most long bones end near the joint in a separate epiphysis which at first consists of cartilage and is later ossified. This epiphysis becomes fused with the shaft of the bone, in most cases only towards the end of puberty. The process is regulated by a number of parallel systemic, cellular and mechanical feedback controls, the complexity of which accounts for its liability to become disordered. The stress acting on the cartilaginous epiphysis is comparable to that in the adult. The relative differences may be attributed to variations in the mechanical relationship and to the hormonal control of the body's growth. The individual epiphyses undergo a characteristic series of events; central calcification, absorption of cartilage and endochondral ossification, the further course of which is definitely determined by the degree of local distortion. This applies to the general shape of the epiphysis as well as to its internal structure. The composition and thickness of the remaining articular cartilage are controlled by these feedback mechanisms throughout the whole of life.
Adolescent↗
[Demonstration of subchondral density pattern using CT-osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM) for the assessment of individual joint stress in live patients].
The researches of Pauwels and those following him have demonstrated that the subchondral bone density distribution below the surface of a joint is a metrical parameter which mirrors the predominant stress acting on that joint. Their technique of x-ray densitometry cannot, however, be used during life. By employing computer tomography, a new method has been developed--CT-osteoabsorptiometry (CT-OAM)--which can be used to obtain the density distribution pattern in the living subject. By means of a comparative investigation on specimens which were examined both with traditional x-ray densitometry and with CT absorptiometry, it has been shown that the new method can produce the same results, but providing the great advantage to be used on the living. In addition, the density distribution pattern of the glenoid cavity has been examined in patients with various shoulder conditions, and also in gymnasts who exercise on the rings. The distribution of subchondral bone density showed different patterns in the different groups examined. Both the comparison of the methods and the subsequent study confirmed that CT osteoabsorptiometry enables assessment to be made of the individual long-term stresses acting on a living joint.
Absorptiometry, Photon↗
[The distribution of cartilage degeneration of the human patella in relation to individual subchondral mineralization].
According to Pauwels and Kummer the distribution of the subchondral mineralisation can be taken as a measure of the long-term mechanical loading in the joints. Based on a previous study concerning the density distribution of the subchondral bone of the human patella, these results were compared in the following paper with the macroscopically visible cartilage lesions. Degenerative changes on the lateral facet of the patella coincide with regions of high bone mineralisation, those on the "odd facet" on the other hand with areas of low subchondral density. The cartilage lesions on the lateral facet are seen as being due to high and constant mechanical stress, those on the "odd facet" to short infrequent stress-peaks.
Absorptiometry, Photon↗
[Structural findings of the coraco-acromial ligament in rotator cuff rupture, tendinosis calcarea and supraspinatus syndrome].
Coracoacromial ligaments from 133 operation specimens were examined histomorphologically near their acromial attachments. 85% showed signs of moderate to severe degeneration, 67% to 85% chondroid metaplasia near the origin. No significant differences were found between specimens brought to operation for the three diseases mentioned. It is therefore concluded that an intermittent local pressure on the origin of the ligament is present in these diseases, and this can lead to chondroid changes near its acromial attachment.
Acromion↗
[Distribution pattern of subchondral mineralization in the glenoid cavity in normal subjects, athletes and patients].
To get information on the stresses acting on the shoulder joint, the distribution of subchondral mineralisation was examined by means of CT-Osteo-absorptiometry in the glenoid cavity in healthy people, athletes and patients. In young persons two density maxima are found ventrally and dorsally older persons, however, show a centrally located maximum which suggests a different joint mechanics in different ages depending on the decreasing physiological incongruence. In gymnasts the overall mineralisation is significantly higher, maxima are found centrally or shifted dorsally. In patients with recurrent dislocation of the shoulder or instability the zone of highest density is shifted to the edges of the glenoid cavity indicating that the prevailing position of the resultant force is excentric. By means of CT-Osteo-absorptiometry these individual patterns of mineralisation can be displayed in the living and can give information on the individual mechanical situation ("loading history") of a joint.
Absorptiometry, Photon↗