PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R R Bootzin

Publications and source records attributed to R R Bootzin.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

An evaluation of behavioral treatments for insomnia in the older adult.

Behavioral treatments were evaluated for their effect on the subjective and objective sleep of older adult insomniacs (N = 53) aged 47 to 76 years. Conditions were support and sleep hygiene, support and sleep hygiene plus progressive relaxation, support and sleep hygiene plus stimulus control, or a measurement control group. The results indicated that all groups, including the measurement control group, were effective in improving the sleep diary assessed awakenings, nap time, and feeling refreshed upon awakening. Subjects at 3 weeks felt less depressed and felt that they had more control over their sleep. Stimulus control was most effective in improving sleep at the posttherapy period. A 2-year follow-up showed that the stimulus control subjects most frequently used the treatment instructions and had shorter sleep latencies and highest sleep quality. Behavioral treatments were found to be effective in improving the perception of sleep among older adult insomniacs.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Effects of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake on frequency and content of nightmares.

In a systematic evaluation of the effects of a natural disaster on nightmares, nightmare frequency was found to be about twice as high among 92 San Francisco Bay area college students as among 97 control subjects in Tucson, Arizona, after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Subjects in California had not only more nightmares in general but substantially more nightmares about earthquakes. Over a 3-week period, about 40% of those in the San Francisco Bay area reported one or more nightmares about an earthquake, as compared with only 5% of those in Arizona. However, nightmares about earthquakes were not more emotionally intense than other nightmares. These findings support the long-held view that the experience of a potentially traumatic event can result in more frequent nightmares, particularly about the event itself, but contradict the common opinion that nightmares about such events are unusually intense.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Nonpharmacologic treatments of insomnia.

Nonpharmacologic treatments that have been evaluated for insomnia are reviewed. These include sleep hygiene techniques, stimulus control instructions, sleep restriction, chronotherapy, bright light therapy, relaxation training, biofeedback, paradoxical intention, and cognitive therapy. Comparative studies of the different treatments indicate considerable overlap in effectiveness. Direct comparisons between treatments have shown stimulus control instructions to be more effective than either relaxation training or paradoxical intention. Further research is needed on the tailoring of treatments to patient needs, as are more detailed comparisons between pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1990

The prevalence of nightmares and their independence from anxiety.

Although several studies have examined the prevalence of nightmares and their relationship to anxiety, this is the first to have used daily dream logs, rather than retrospective self-reports, to monitor nightmare frequency. 220 undergraduates were administered self-report measures of anxiety and for 2 weeks recorded the number of their nightmares in logs. 47% of Ss reported at least one nightmare during the study period. The dream logs yielded an estimated mean annual nightmare frequency of 23.6, which is 2.5 times as great as the estimate yielded by retrospective reports (p less than .01). Nightmare frequency and anxiety were uncorrelated. The findings indicate that nightmares are more prevalent than has been reported, and their frequency unrelated to self-reported anxiety.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Psychiatric episodes in general hospitals without psychiatric units.

Forty percent of inpatient psychiatric episodes are treated in general hospitals without psychiatric units, but little is known about these patients and their treatment. A survey of medical records personnel at 452 hospitals without psychiatric units revealed that the hospitals' psychiatric patients typically lived at home, were admitted through the emergency room because of a substance abuse disorder, received active medical treatment, were discharged back home after about four days, and paid with private insurance. The hospitals that treated primarily substance abusers provided a significantly different mix of treatments than did those that treated primarily patients with traditional diagnoses. The data suggest that general hospitals without psychiatric units may provide appropriate treatment for psychiatric patients, especially those with a substance abuse disorder.

Hospitals, General↗
PubMed1976

The power of suggestion: another examination of misattribution and insomnia.

This experiment was conducted in an attempt to replicate and delimit the reverse placebo effect found by Storms and Nisbett in insomniacs. It was predicted that the reverse placebo effect would obtain when the pills' effects were described as affecting arousal (as in Storms and Nisbett's study) but that a direct suggestion effect would result when the pills were described as directly affecting sleep onset latency. Results indicated that direct suggestion effects obtained regardless of the focus of the instructions. The present study together with the findings of Kellogg and Baron call into question the reliability and clinical significance of the reverse placebo effect in the treatment of insomnia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intervention factors for promoting adjustment to nightwork and shiftwork.

This chapter reviews a broad range of factors that, if controlled, might promote adaptation to nightwork, shiftwork, and extended workshifts. Systematic study has begun in four of the areas reported here: work schedule design, napping, bright light stimulation, and drugs. Physical activity, ambient temperature, diet, and individual behaviors have been studied only superficially.

Adaptation, Physiological↗