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Biomedical subjects

R R Galle

Publications and source records attributed to R R Galle.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Pharmacological prophylaxis of vestibulo-autonomous syndrome (motion sickness) in model investigations].

The authors summarize results of multiyear investigations at the Institute of Biomedical Problems of induced motion sickness and development of prophylactic medicaments representing various classes of biologically active substances (choline blocking agents, sympathomimetics, antihistamines etc.) prescribed singularly or in an combination based on the knowledge of MS-provoking inter-receptor interactions and therapeutic effects of drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The Jupiter-2 slow-rotation system].

The experience of space missions shows that functional disorders in crewmembers on the type of space motion sickness (SMS) may develop on the initial stage of flight. Longer exposure in micro-g causes a wide range of debilitative changes in the vital body systems. Artificial gravity produced by spacecraft rotation might be a universal tool to counteract the impacts of prolonged microgravity on the human body. However, the significance of SMS does not become less high because of a new factor, i.e. the rotating environment. Research system Jupiter 2 is a stand-alone slow-rotating ground facility for simulating motion sickness equivalent to its space form. The merits of this facility are the possibilities to control the intensity of exposure, perform long-term investigations of two active subjects simultaneously, and study the stages of body adaptation to this agent, and assess physical and operator's performance. The facility carries large expectations to occupational selection.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1981

[Quantitative evaluation of the clinical manifestations of motion sickness].

An original scheme of quantitative evaluation of clinical manifestations of motion sickness has been developed. According to the scheme, eight major symptoms of motion sickness: vertigo, nausea, vomiting, sweating, paleness, headache, sleepiness, flaccidity are scored in relation to their manifestations. The scheme has been used in vestibular tests of 57 test subjects. The vestibular test used is tolerance to cross-coupled acceleration. On the basis of the scores quantitative criteria of human tolerance to vestibular exposures have been suggested. It is emphasized that the scheme can be widely used allowing statistical treatment, comparative individual and group analysis of the data obtained.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biomedical aspects of artificial gravity.

Artificial gravitv generated by spacecraft rotation may prove a universal countermeasure against adverse effects of weightlessness in the future. The paper summarizes the results of ground-based biomedical investigations of artificial gravity and flight experiments aboard Soviet biosatellites Cosmos-782 and Cosmos-936. It is believed that at the present stage the major goal of such investigations is to determine the minimum efficient value of artificial gravity in long-term flights which may eliminate adverse effects of prolonged weightlessness. In ground-bound studies the highest priority should be given to the development of methods on increasing human tolerance to the rotating environment.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of head-down tilt hypokinesia on human equilibrium function].

Six test subjects who participated in 182-day head-down study at -4 degrees were examined stabilographically before and during the test. During the first 30 days they showed impaired equilibrium which later was relatively stabilized. Continuation of the bed rest study did not impair drastically stability of upright standing. It was shown that the contribution of optic sensors into the recovery of the equilibrium function increased during the second half of the bed rest study. Provocative tests suggest that bed rest related impairment of equilibrium occurs due to vestibular changes and deconditioning.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Human tolerance to rotation at different levels of increased gravitation].

The effects of acceleration of different value (up to 2 g) on the level of motion sickness, vestibular and postural reactions to rotation were studied. The experiments were carried out in a centrifuge equipped with a cabin that could be mounted at a different distance from the axis of rotation. Three experimental runs were conducted with a rate of rotation of 15.3 and accelerations values of 1.09, 1.6 and 2.0 g. Vestibular stimulation was produced by head movements of a predetermined number. It was found that with increase in the acceleration value the level of motion sickness decreased and the nystagmic reaction and balance dysfunction enhanced.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Human equilibrium under conditions of rotation with different levels of increased weightiness].

This paper discusses the gravity (of up to 2 g) effect on the upright stability of 16 test subjects exposed either to centrifugation or to artificially increased body weight (with uniformly distributed loading). During centrifugation the stabilographic parameters increased significantly at every gravity level. In the experiments with artificially increased body weight the area of the vector stabilograms also increased significantly. The comparison of the two experimental runs suggests that disorders in the upright stability are caused by the rotation factor rather than by the artificially increased body weight.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Soviet research on artificial gravitational force].

The paper reviews biomedical investigations concerning artificial gravity performed so far in the USSR. It is believed that at the present stage the major task is to identify the minimum value of artificial gravity which may eliminate adverse effects of weightlessness on the human body. In ground-based investigations high priority should be given to the development of methods of increasing human tolerance to a rotating environment.

Acceleration↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effectiveness of the preparation Gavinton in preventing motion sickness].

The effectiveness of the Hungarian drug kavinton used to prevent motion sickness was assessed. During the study 8 motion sickness susceptible test subjects were kept in a chamber rotating at a rate of 6 rpm for 5 hours. The effectiveness of the drug taken regularly during the exposure was compared with that of scopolamine and placebo taken as a single dose. The results obtained are suggestive of a positive effect of kavinton as an antimotion drug.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Human reactions to prolonged centripetal accelerations (+Gz) of small magnitudes].

The effect of centripetal acceleration (+Gz) of low values (0.5-0.6 g) applied for four days against the background of relative hypokinesia was investigated. The peripheral and intracranial circulations, equilibrium function and morphological composition of the capillary blood were examined. During the first three centrifugation days the hemodynamic state differed insignificantly from the initial level. On the fourth day signs of cardiovascular deconditioning were found. This was shown by the orthostatic test. Changes in the peripheral blood indicated a moderate stress-reaction that persisted throughout the entire experiment. Equilibrium changes that were observed on the first centrifugation day regressed and the post-test function did not essentially differ from the initial level. The experimental results give evidence that inertia forces can be used to diminish the unfavorable effects of hypokinesia.

Acceleration↗