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Biomedical subjects

R R Kulkarni

Publications and source records attributed to R R Kulkarni.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Clostridium perfringens antigens recognized by broiler chickens immune to necrotic enteritis.

Little is known about immunity to necrotic enteritis (NE) in chickens. A recent study of broiler chickens showed that protection against NE was associated with infection-immunization with virulent but not with avirulent Clostridium perfringens. In the current study, six secreted antigenic proteins unique to virulent C. perfringens that reacted to serum antibodies from immune birds were identified by mass spectrophotometry; three of these proteins are part of the VirR-VirS regulon.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Live attenuated vaccine-based control of necrotic enteritis of broiler chickens.

A vaccine for necrotic enteritis (NE) of chickens would reduce the current need to prevent or treat the disease in broiler chickens with antimicrobial drugs. The objective of this study was to understand aspects of immunity to the disease. The first experiment examined the virulence of six strains of Clostridium perfringens isolated from cases of NE in broiler chickens. Using a 5-day experimental oral infection of 2-week-old broiler chickens, four of the six strains were found to be virulent. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and PCR showed that virulence was not associated with a plasmid encoding the beta2 toxin gene, cpb2, since this was present in virulent and one of the two avirulent strains. In the second experiment, two virulent and one avirulent strains were tested for their ability to immunize ("infection-immunization") chickens through the oral route. The procedure used experimental infection for 5 days followed by bacitracin treatment for 9 days, and then re-challenge 2 days later with a virulent strain, CP4. Infection-immunization with the virulent isolates protected chickens from subsequent virulent challenge, whereas the infection-immunization with the avirulent isolate did not. In a third experiment, two of four alpha-toxin-negative mutants of CP4 protected birds from experimental NE after oral immunization. These two mutants were also attenuated for virulence. We conclude that it is possible to immunize chickens successfully against NE and that immunogen(s) other than alpha-toxin are important in protective immunity against oral infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Ocular manifestations of head injury: a clinical study.

AIM: This prospective study aimed to clinically correlate the various ocular findings with the neurological status in cases of closed head injury. METHODS: A total of 200 consecutive cases of closed head injury admitted to a major teaching hospital underwent a thorough ophthalmic assessment. The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and the Revised trauma score (RTS) were applied to grade the severity of injury and assess the prognosis. Kendall's tau-b and Fisher's exact test were used in the analysis. RESULTS: The main causes of head injury were road traffic accidents 52.5% followed by assaults in 34%. Ocular involvement was found in 167(83.5%) cases. These included corneal and scleral tears in 2%, subconjunctival haemorrhage or ecchymosis in 46%, orbital fractures 12%, pupillary involvement 6.5%, papilloedema 5.5%, intraocular trauma 5.5%, proptosis 3%, lateral rectus palsy 2%, lacrimal gland prolapse 1%, and optic nerve trauma 0.5%. All 21 patients (10.5%) who died had eye involvement. In all, 150 cases (75%) with a RTS of 12 had a good prognosis. Of these 124 (82.6%) had ocular involvement of no neurological significance. CONCLUSIONS: Although sophisticated imaging techniques are available to localize lesions, early ophthalmic assessment in correlation with the GCS aids in prognosticating outcomes. Pupillary involvement, papilloedema, and ocular motor paresis pointed to a more severe head injury. To our knowledge, this is the only prospective study recording ocular findings in the first few hours and attempting a correlation with the final outcome.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1996

Profile of malignancies at Medical College, Ambajogai--(15 years retrospective study).

Present study comprises of a preliminary analysis of malignant lesions, diagnosed and confirmed by histopathological examination, carried out in Department of Pathology, S. R. T. R. Medical College, Ambajogai, from August 1976 to July 1991. 30,168 specimens were received for histopathological examination out of which 2,663 cases were diagnosed as malignant lesions (8.82%). 163 cases of leukemias were diagnosed by peripheral smear and bone marrow examination. Our of 2826 patients with malignant lesions 1,566 (55.41%) were males and 1,260 (44.59%) were females with M:F ratio as 1.24:1. Analysis of all malignant lesions showed more predilection towards genital organs (26.22%), gastrointestinal tract (13.72%) and breast (10.47%). Penis (11.36%), gastrointestinal tract (16.73%), oral cavity and tongue with pharynx (20.81%) and skin (11.11%) were leading sites in males where as cervix (30.63%) breast (22.46%), gastrointestinal tract (10.00%), skin (6.82%) and lymphoma, leukaemias (7.30%) were common sites for malignancies in females. The higher incidence of genital and skin tumours is discussed in the paper. Available data is compared with data from Tata Memorial Cancer Hospital Bombay and Cancer Hospital at Barshi in Solapur District of Maharashtra.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Position of the axillary nerve in the deltoid muscle.

The relationship of the anterior branch of the axillary nerve to the deltoid muscle was studied on both sides in 66 adult cadavers. The nerve runs a course on the deep surface of the deltoid muscle about 2.2 cm above the midpoint on the vertical plane of the muscle.

Axilla↗
PubMed1991

The scalene tubercle.

One hundred and thirty right and 114 left first ribs from a random collection have been studied for the characters of the scalene tubercle and the related structures. The tubercle is not always present but the muscular impression for the insertion of the scalenus anterior muscle on the superior surface of the first rib is almost constant and it generally extends upto the medial third of this surface. The arterial groove, generally shallow, lies behind the tubercle or the muscular impression and generally extends only upto the medial 2/3 of the superior surface. Likewise, the venous groove, mostly shallow, lies in front of the tubercle or the muscular impression and extends, generally, only upto the medial 2/3 of the surface. Normally, there is no separate groove for the lower trunk of the brachial plexus.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of osteoarthritis with a herbomineral formulation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.

The clinical efficacy of a herbomineral formulation containing roots of Withania somnifera, the stem of Boswellia serrata, rhizomes of Curcuma longa and a zinc complex (Articulin-F), was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over study in patients with osteoarthritis. After a one-month single blind run-in period, 42 patients with osteoarthritis were randomly allocated to receive either a drug treatment or a matching placebo for a period of three months. After a 15-day wash-out period the patients were transferred to the other treatment for a further period of three months. Clinical efficacy was evaluated every fortnight on the basis of severity of pain, morning stiffness, Ritchie articular index, joint score, disability score and grip strength. Other parameters like erythrocyte sedimentation rate and radiological examination were carried out on a monthly basis. Treatment with the herbomineral formulation produced a significant drop in severity of pain (P less than 0.001) and disability score (P less than 0.05). Radiological assessment, however, did not show any significant changes in both the groups. Side effects observed with this formulation did not necessitate withdrawal of treatment.

Adult↗