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Biomedical subjects

R R Newton

Publications and source records attributed to R R Newton.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Children and youth in foster care: distangling the relationship between problem behaviors and number of placements.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to provide a prospective look at the relationship between change in placement and problem behaviors over a 12-month period among a cohort of foster children. METHOD: The sample contained 415 youth, and was part of a larger cohort of children who entered foster care in San Diego, California and remained in placement for at least 5 months. The Child Behavior Check List was used to assess behavior problems. Every change of placement during the first 18 months after entry into the foster care system was abstracted from case records. RESULTS: The results suggest that volatile placement histories contribute negatively to both internalizing and externalizing behavior of foster children, and that children who experience numerous changes in placement may be at particularly high risk for these deleterious effects. Initial externalizing behaviors proved to be the strongest predictor of placement changes for the entire sample and for a sub-sample of those who initially evidenced problem behaviors on at least one broad-band CBCL scale. Our findings also suggest that children who initially score within normal ranges on the CBCL may be particularly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of placement breakdowns. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of these findings we argue for an analytical approach that views behavior problems as both a cause and as a consequence of placement disruption. Children who do not evidence behavior problems may in fact constitute a neglected population that responds to multiple disruptions of their primary relationships with increasingly self-defeating behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Assessment of intimate partner violence among high-risk postpartum mothers: concordance of clinical measures.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) may be a more common problem than some conditions for which pregnant women are routinely screened and evaluated. Screening for IPV necessitates competence in assessment using reliable and valid instruments. The present study examines the concordance in the prevalence of abuse reported by 436 high-risk postpartum mothers using (1) a single item hospital screen, (2) trained paraprofessional interviewer-interview format, and (3) the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS), a standardized research instrument. The hospital screen identified 4% of the sample as scared, threatened or hurt, the Family Stress Checklist (FSC) identified 16.9% of the fathers as having severe potential for violence, and the CTS identified 18.6% of the sample as victims of physical abuse at the hands of the baby's father. There was minimal overlap between the ratings of severe potential for violence and the occurrence of violence as assessed by the CTS. Study findings illustrate the inadequacy of current procedures for detecting IPV with high-risk populations and highlight the need to develop reliable and valid assessments that can be easily utilized in the hospital setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Euthanasia: American attitudes toward the physician's role.

This is a study of American public opinion toward euthanasia and the physician's role in performing it. The authors examine how these attributes are affected by religious affiliation, religious self-perception, political self-perception and education. The data include 8384 American respondents from years 1977, 1978, 1982, 1985 and 1988 of the General Social Survey conducted by the National Opinion Research Center. The findings suggest that highly educated, politically liberal respondents with a less religious self-perception are most likely to accept active euthanasia or suicide in the case of terminally ill patient. The data also show that Americans tend to draw a distinction between the suicide of a terminally ill patient and active euthanasia under the care of a physician, preferring to have the physician perform this role in the dying process. The tendency to see a distinction between active euthanasia and suicide was clearly affected by religious affiliation and education.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Rorschach responses in healthy, community dwelling older adults.

Five predicted relationships between age and intellectual level and 16 Rorschach variables were examined through a cross-sectional analysis of 47 healthy, community-dwelling elderly men and women. Subjects were compared by age and intellectual level using gender, level of medication, and scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Geriatric Social Readjustment Questionnaire (GSRQ) as covariates. Screening tests for psychiatric and physical illness, recent life events, and hearing and vision loss were administered. In contrast to prior research suggesting changes in Rorschach scores with differences in age and intellectual level, only one significant difference was found for these variables. The data suggest that age and intellectual level may contribute less to Rorschach responses than was previously thought.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Reusables vs. disposables.

The question of whether to use disposable or reusable laundry and linen products is one that hospital managers have had to answer with increasing frequency over the past few years. Although it may ultimately depend on individual user or patient preference, each type of product does have its own advantages and disadvantages. On these two pages, a comparison of disposables and reusables is presented from the point of view of a major linen supplier and the director of the Canadian institutional laundry managers association. They discuss the benefits, and downfalls, of each with regard to costs, storage, convenience, disposal and infection control.

Bedding and Linens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The heterogeneity of children and their experiences in kinship care.

Increasingly, children in need of out-of-home care are being placed in kinship care, yet few studies have followed their placement histories longitudinally to determine if these children constitute a homogeneous group or heterogeneous subgroups. This study of 484 children in kinship care in San Diego County, California, indicates that children in kinship care have markedly different sociodemographic and maltreatment histories, as well as heterogeneous placement experiences.

Adolescent↗